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| 1 | |
The term ____________ refers to the sum total of all of the ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are typical for a person and make that person different from all other individuals. |
| | A) | uniqueness |
| | B) | trait |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | individuality |
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| 2 | |
Emma is consistently kind, helpful, and intelligent. In terms of the subfield of personality psychology, we are technically describing Emma's |
| | A) | traits. |
| | B) | values. |
| | C) | humanity. |
| | D) | demeanor. |
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| 3 | |
Edie is a worried, high-strung, insecure woman. She is usually nervous and self-conscious. Using the Five-Factor Model, what can be said about Edie's personality traits? |
| | A) | She is low in neuroticism. |
| | B) | She is high in neuroticism. |
| | C) | She is low in agreeableness. |
| | D) | She is high in extraversion. |
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| 4 | |
Based on findings from cross-cultural research, which of the following women is most likely to be characterized as friendly and motivated to work hard to meet goals set by her parents? |
| | A) | Inge, who came to the United States as a college student from a small town in northern Sweden. |
| | B) | Farida, who is from a Gujarati Brahmin family in India. |
| | C) | Cora Jean, whose New England family traces its roots back to Pilgrim ancestors who came to America on the Mayflower. |
| | D) | Deborah, whose Eastern European grandparents settled in San Francisco. |
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| 5 | |
Which level of consciousness consists of memories that are not presently in awareness but can be easily brought into awareness? |
| | A) | preconscious |
| | B) | conscious |
| | C) | unconscious |
| | D) | subliminal |
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| 6 | |
According to Freud, the ego operates according to |
| | A) | primary process thinking. |
| | B) | the pleasure principle. |
| | C) | the reality principle. |
| | D) | displacement. |
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| 7 | |
Kevin looks up to his father and every day becomes more and more like him. Freud referred to this process as ____________ and saw it as the key step in the development of the superego. |
| | A) | reaction formation |
| | B) | identification |
| | C) | sublimation |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 8 | |
Sam is two and a half years old. He runs into the kitchen to get his mother and proudly shows her how he went to the bathroom all by himself. Sam is successfully moving through which stage of psychosexual development? |
| | A) | anal |
| | B) | oral |
| | C) | phallic |
| | D) | genital |
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| 9 | |
Ted and Jeffrey are impulsive and lack genuine feeling for others. They also exhibit egocentric selfishness. According to Freud, they have which type of personality? |
| | A) | anal retentive |
| | B) | anal expulsive |
| | C) | oral aggressive |
| | D) | phallic |
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| 10 | |
In his research with different cultures, Carl Jung found support for his concept of the |
| | A) | inferiority complex. |
| | B) | personal unconscious. |
| | C) | collective unconscious. |
| | D) | collective conscious. |
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| 11 | |
Karen Horney not only believed that Freud placed too much emphasis on sexual conflicts, she also believed that |
| | A) | humans possess both a personal unconscious and a collective unconscious. |
| | B) | conflicts develop as the result of inadequate child-rearing experiences. |
| | C) | the primary struggle in personality development is the effort to overcome feelings of inferiority in social relationships. |
| | D) | Freud took a one-sided negative view of the human condition. |
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| 12 | |
Professor Lublin states that the key concepts in the study of personality are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling. We can therefore assume that Professor Lublin adheres to which theory of personality? |
| | A) | social learning |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | humanistic |
| | D) | psychoanalytic |
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| 13 | |
Xander sees Buffy yelling at Angel and decides she must be upset, so he approaches her and says, "It looks like you're having a rough day." Appreciating the fact that her feelings have been acknowledged, Buffy sighs, smiles, and says, "Yes. Thanks for noticing." She now feels much better and Xander feels happy when he sees her smile. This example illustrates |
| | A) | Jung's notion of the collective unconscious. |
| | B) | Bandura's notion of reciprocal determination. |
| | C) | Bem's person x situation interactionism. |
| | D) | the Five-Factor trait of agreeableness. |
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| 14 | |
Willi knows what she wants to do with her life and believes that she is able and willing to reach her goals even though they present many challenges. According to Bandura, Willi has a strong sense of |
| | A) | self-esteem. |
| | B) | self-efficacy. |
| | C) | egotism. |
| | D) | self-concept. |
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| 15 | |
Elliott behaves differently in different situations. Which theory best explains this variability in Elliott's behavior? |
| | A) | trait theory |
| | B) | situationism |
| | C) | behaviorism |
| | D) | person x situation interactionism |
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| 16 | |
Which of these is often referred to as "the third force in psychology"? |
| | A) | self-actualization |
| | B) | behaviorism |
| | C) | psychoanalytic theory |
| | D) | humanistic theory |
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| 17 | |
Which situation is LEAST likely to create psychological problems? |
| | A) | Jerry sees his "self" as very similar to his "ideal self." |
| | B) | Jenny sees her "self" as very different from her "ideal self." |
| | C) | Kerry sees herself much more positively than others see her. |
| | D) | Kenny sees himself as worthwhile if he behaves as he believes he should behave. |
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| 18 | |
Susan volunteers at a local homeless shelter. She is open and honest and has the courage to act on her convictions even when others criticize her for her strong sense of social conscience. Despite having an accurate view of people and life, she is positive about life and always finds new challenges that keep her life exciting. In Maslow's terms, Susan is |
| | A) | self-deluded. |
| | B) | self-actualized. |
| | C) | self-fulfilled. |
| | D) | extraverted. |
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| 19 | |
Which theory of personality believes that people internalize society's standards of what is desirable and moral and that these standards guide our behavior? |
| | A) | humanistic |
| | B) | psychoanalytic |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | all three of these theories |
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| 20 | |
The most widely used method of personality assessment is the |
| | A) | projective personality test. |
| | B) | objective personality test. |
| | C) | interview. |
| | D) | survey. |
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| 21 | |
Yeh is taking a test that consists of 566 true/false questions, such as "I get along well with others" and "I am afraid of losing my mind." Yeh is taking which test? |
| | A) | the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
| | B) | the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| | C) | the Rorschach inkblot test |
| | D) | the Stanford-Binet IQ test |
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| 22 | |
Professor Windsor wants to find a test that will be useful in predicting his clients' future behavior and outcomes. Although he knows that personality tests are all far from perfect, he will get the best results by using |
| | A) | the Rorschach inkblot test. |
| | B) | the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). |
| | C) | an objective test based in the five-factor model. |
| | D) | a projective test based in the five-factor model. |
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