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Animal Sciences, 4/e
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Ecology and Environmental Physiology
Chapter Quiz
1
The thermoneutral zone of an animal is defined as which of the following?
A)
the temperature zone in which an animal is under neither heat or cold stress
B)
the geographic zone within which animals select to live if given opportunity to migrate
C)
the time of day or geographic location in which the environmental temperature equals the animals internal body temperature
2
What adaptation mechanism is exhibited by "fat-tailed" sheep when compared to typical U.S. breeds of sheep?
A)
Fat-tailed sheep have no wool.
B)
Fat-tailed sheep tend to have black wool to reflect the sunlight and improve cooling.
C)
Fat-tailed sheep store fat in the tail area rather than on the central body to enhance dissipation of heat from the body.
D)
Fat-tailed sheep tend to be very short-legged to remain close to the ground for body cooling.
3
What is the likely purpose of the enormous dewlap area of
Bos indicus
cattle?
A)
to increase the body surface area for cooling
B)
to provide an area for fat storage for times of dietary energy deficit
C)
to give the animal a more imposing appearance and increase its social status in the herd
D)
to provide protective insulation in the area of the lungs and heart
4
Which breed of cattle was developed in the southern U.S. in an attempt to optimize the strengths and weaknesses of two species into one productive package?
A)
Charolais
B)
Chianina
C)
Limousin
D)
Santa Gertrudis
E)
Longhorns
5
The thermoneutral zone of most European cattle is in what temperature range?
A)
zero to 90 degrees F
B)
zero to 30 degrees F
C)
30-60 degrees F
D)
50-80 degrees F
6
What term refers to rapid breathing or panting?
A)
apnea
B)
poikilothermy
C)
heat stress
D)
klima
E)
polypnea
7
Which "rule" from environmental study relates body size to climate influences?
A)
Brody's rule
B)
Bergmann's rule
C)
Wilson's rule
D)
Bernard's rule
E)
Gloger's rule
8
What term specifically refers to animals that sleep extensively during a hot, dry summer?
A)
homeotherms
B)
habituated
C)
brooding
D)
estivating
E)
poikilotherms
9
The increase in heat produced following the consumption of food is referred to with what term?
A)
heat increment
B)
net energy
C)
gross energy
D)
digestible energy
E)
metabolizable energy
10
The reactions that just refer to productive or building activities in an animal are what activities?
A)
anabolic
B)
catabolic
C)
metabolic
D)
digestive
E)
absorptive
11
What term refers to a "fever"?
A)
anorexia
B)
pyrexia
C)
anabolism
D)
heat increment
E)
estivation
12
Shivering is a method of what activity?
A)
dissipating heat
B)
reducing a fever
C)
increasing heat production
D)
shunting blood flow to the internal organs
E)
increasing anabolic activity
13
Which is the route by which heat flows directly from a warmer object to a cooler object?
A)
radiation
B)
conduction
C)
convection
D)
evaporation
14
Three types of sweating are common to certain mammals: thermal, nonthermal, and what third type?
A)
conductive
B)
convective
C)
insensible
D)
photosensitized
E)
radiative
15
High environmental temperatures can adjust the proportions of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen of a dairy cow.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
16
The feed conversion efficiency of poikilotherms is generally superior to homeotherms.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
17
Dairy cows tend to produce more milk in the late summer months when compared to production in the early spring.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
18
The greatest heat increment from a foodstuff comes from carbohydrates.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
19
Thermolysis refers to heat loss from the body to the environment.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
20
The hair color of zebu cattle tends to be lighter, whereas the hair color of northern European breeds tends to be darker indicating a selection for colors that reflect or absorb sunlight to assist with body temperature maintenance.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
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