When you finish studying the material in this chapter, you should be able to:

• Discuss the difference between espoused and enacted values.
• Explain the typology of organisational values.
• Describe the manifestations of an organisation’s culture and the four functions of organisational culture.
• Discuss the four general types of organisational culture.
• Summarise the methods used by organisations to embed their cultures.
• Describe the practical lessons from the Hofstede-Bond stream of research.
• Discuss the importance of cross-cultural training relative to the foreign assignment cycle.