23.1 Functions of the Urinary System

1			The kidney engages in all of the following activities except
			A)	secreting a hormone which assists in blood pressure regulation.
			B)	eliminating nitrogenous wastes.
			C)	secreting a hormone which increases red blood cell production.
			D)	detoxifying free radicals.
			E)	secreting a hormone which increases the absorption of glucose from the digestive tract.
2			The role the kidney plays in the homeostasis of the body includes all of the following except to
			A)	regulate osmolarity of body fluids by regulating electrolyte elimination.
			B)	help regulate acid-base balance of the body.
			C)	control blood volume and blood pressure.
			D)	control lymphocyte count.
3			All of these organ systems carry out excretion except ______________.
			A)	integumentary
			B)	nervous
			C)	digestive
			D)	urinary
			E)	respiratory

23.2 Anatomy of the Kidney

4			The concentration gradient that exists from the cortex to the medulla of the kidney is produced by the
			A)	loops of the cortical nephrons.
			B)	proximal convoluted tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons.
			C)	loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons.
			D)	distal convoluted tubules of cortical nephrons.
			E)	collecting ducts of juxtamedullary and cortical nephrons.
5			The correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney is
			A)	interlobular artery --> afferent arteriole --> glomerulus --> efferent arteriole --> peritubular capillaries.
			B)	interlobular artery --> afferent arteriole --> glomerulus --> peritubular capillaries --> efferent arteriole.
			C)	afferent arteriole --> interlobular artery --> peritubular capillaries --> glomerulus --> efferent arteriole.
			D)	afferent arteriole --> interlobular artery --> glomerulus --> efferent arteriole --> peritubular capillaries.
			E)	interlobular artery --> efferent arteriole --> glomerulus --> afferent arteriole --> peritubular capillaries.
6			The most correct sequence of fluid flow through the kidney is
			A)	nephron loop --> glomerular capsule --> proximal convoluted tubules --> distal convoluted tubules --> collecting duct.
			B)	glomerular capsule --> proximal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> distal convoluted tubules --> collecting duct.
			C)	proximal convoluted tubules --> distal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> glomerular capsule --> collecting duct.
			D)	distal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> proximal convoluted tubules --> glomerular capsule --> collecting duct.
			E)	nephron loop --> proximal convoluted tubules --> glomerular capsule --> distal convoluted tubules --> collecting duct.
7			Which of the following is not considered part of the renal tubule?
			A)	proximal convoluted tubule
			B)	distal convoluted tubule
			C)	capsular space
			D)	collecting duct
8			The first branch off of the renal artery is the
			A)	interlobular artery.
			B)	segmental artery.
			C)	peritubular capillary.

23.3 Urine Formation I: Glomerular Filtration

9			When blood pressure drops, the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete the enzyme renin, which indirectly results in
			A)	a lowering of the mean arterial blood pressure.
			B)	an increase in the glomerular filtration rate.
			C)	a loss of sodium.
			D)	a stimulation of the sense of thirst.
10			Fluid leaving the blood stream to enter the kidney tubules would first pass through the
			A)	ureter.
			B)	filtration slits.
			C)	fenestrae of the capillary endothelium.
			D)	proximal convoluted tubule.
			E)	nephron loop.
11			Should blood pressure rise, one means of renal autoregulation would involve
			A)	constriction of the proximal convoluted tubule.
			B)	dilation of the afferent arteriole.
			C)	constriction of the afferent arteriole.
			D)	constriction of the efferent arteriole.
			E)	dilation of the proximal convoluted tubule.

23.4 Urine Formation II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

12			The amount of solute that can be reabsorbed via the renal tubules may be limited by the number of
			A)	juxtaglomerular cells.
			B)	fenestrations in the glomerular epithelium.
			C)	available transport proteins.
			D)	podocytes.
13			The major nitrogenous waste product in humans is ________________.
			A)	guanine
			B)	ammonia
			C)	uric acid
			D)	creatinine
			E)	urea
14			In a normal person, almost all of the glucose in the filtrate is transported back into the body's cells in this area.
			A)	glomerular capsule
			B)	proximal convoluted tubule
			C)	nephron loop
			D)	distal convoluted tubule
			E)	collecting duct

23.5 Urine Formation III: Water Conservation

15			The collecting duct is able to concentrate urine mainly because
			A)	it is permeable to NaCl but not water.
			B)	it actively transports water.
			C)	the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the medulla is higher than that in the cortex.
			D)	the permeability of the tubular cells to Na+ increases as the duct passes through the medulla.
			E)	hydrostatic pressure forces water out of the duct.
16			Antidiuretic hormone acts on the _____ to promote water retention.
			A)	PCT
			B)	DCT
			C)	CD
			D)	urinary bladder

23.6 Urine and Renal Function Tests

17			Which type of diabetes is a caused by hyposecretion of ADH?
			A)	mellitus
			B)	insipidus
			C)	adrenal
			D)	pituitary
18			Which term describes excessive urine output?
			A)	oliguria
			B)	anuria
			C)	polyuria
			D)	monouria

23.7 Urine Storage and Elimination

19			The micturition reflex
			A)	is the predominant mechanism that voids the bladder in infants.
			B)	is a sympathetic reflex.
			C)	cannot be controlled voluntarily in adulthood.
			D)	is designed to prevent overstretching of the detrusor muscle.
			E)	in infancy is regulated by a micturition center in the pons.
20			This urinary disorder occurs commonly as a result of pregnancy.
			A)	nephrotic syndrome
			B)	hydronephrosis
			C)	acute renal failure
			D)	urinary incontinence