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Post-Test
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1
The factors that influence how a particular behavior evolved in terms of its effect on reproductive success are most accurately referred to as
A)variables.
B)ultimate causes.
C)proximate causes.
D)direct agents.
E)indirect agents.
2
Match the type of movement on the left with the appropriate description on the right.
i: anemotaxisa: in relation to water currents
ii: rheotaxisb. in relation to light
iii: phototaxisc: in relation to wind direction
A)i = c; ii = a; iii = b
B)i = c; ii = b; iii = a
C)i = a; ii = b; iii = c
D)i = a; ii = c; iii = b
E)i = b; ii = a; iii = c
3
Which of the following best describes behavioral response reinforced by a consequence?
A)Conditioned stimulus
B)Associative learning
C)Classical conditioning
D)Operant conditioning
E)Imprinting
4
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cognitive learning?
A)Perception
B)Analysis
C)Recollection
D)Judgement
E)All of the choices are characteristics of cognitive learning
5
Which of the following is an advantage of group living?
A)Increased vigilance
B)Protection in numbers
C)Group defense
D)Increased vigilance and protection in numbers
E)Increased vigilance, protection in numbers, and group defense
6
Behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself is most accurately referred to as
A)egotism.
B)selfishness.
C)altruism.
D)autism.
E)group selection.
7
Match the mating system on the left with the appropriate description on the right.
i: monogamya: one female, many males
ii: polygynyb: one male, many females
iii: polyandryc: exclusive male and female mating
A)i = c; ii = b; iii = a
B)i = a; ii = b; iii = c
C)i = a; ii = c; iii = b
D)i = b; ii = a; iii = c
E)i = c; ii = a; iii = b
8
A behavior that, once initiated, will continue until completed is most accurately referred to as
A)a learned response.
B)memory.
C)a conditioned response.
D)a fixed action pattern.
E)a reflex action.
9
An involuntary response associated with a stimulus that did not elicit the response is most accurately referred to as
A)cognitive learning.
B)associative learning
C)classical conditioning.
D)habituation.
E)operant conditioning.
10
Which of the following statements about imprinting is incorrect?
A)Imprinting occurs during a time in development referred to as the critical period.
B)Imprinting is an example of a combination of innate behavior and learning.
C)Imprinting allows a mother to specifically distinguish her young from other similar-looking animals in the event that groups get mixed.
D)Imprinting can occur on a scent as well as a moving object.
E)All of the statements about imprinting are correct.
11
True or False: Migrational orientation must first be learned before navigation behavior is learned.
A)True
B)False
12
Which of the following statements regarding the costs and benefits of territorial defense is incorrect?
A)Increased territory size results in increased food sources.
B)Decreased territory size results in less energy expenditure defending it.
C)Increased territory size results in greater breeding success
D)Territory size differs relative to the size of the organism.
E)All of the statements regarding territorial defense are correct
13
Among animals, which of the following forms of communication would be least likely to be used during courtship or attracting a mate?
A)Chemical
B)Visual
C)Tactile
D)Auditory
E)All of the forms of communication would be equally likely to be used in courtship or attracting mates.
14
If a female has an offspring with each of two different males, those offspring would have a coefficient of relatedness of
A)0.125.
B)0.25.
C)0.5.
D)0.75.
E)1.0.
15
Which one of the following most accurately describes inclusive fitness?
A)The ability to assess and predict future food availability and population density within one's own habitat
B)The premise that natural selection produces outcomes beneficial for the whole group or species
C)The probability that any two individuals will share a copy of a particular gene
D)The total number of copies of genes passed on through one's relatives, as well as one's own reproductive output
E)The positioning of an individual in the center of a group so as to minimize the danger to that individual
16
True or False: If sentry alarm calling was routinely observed to be performed by males with no relatives in the immediate area, alarm calling would be more likely to be accepted as favored by kin selection.
A)True
B)False
17
In a eusocial system displaying haplodiploidy, the coefficient of relatedness between sisters is ___________, and the coefficient of relatedness between mother and offspring is .
A)0.75; 0.5
B)0.5; 0.5
C)0.25; 0.5
D)0.25; 0.25
E)0.75; 0.75
18
A female selecting a male mate based on competitive superiority is an example of
A)male-male competition.
B)sexual dimorphism.
C)polygyny.
D)intersexual selection.
E)intrasexual selection.
19
A female interfering with her mate's attempt to attract other females would be explained by which one of the following monogamy hypotheses?
A)Mate-guarding hypothesis
B)Male assistance hypothesis
C)Female-enforced monogamy hypothesis
D)Mate guarding hypothesis, female enforced monogamy hypothesis
E)Mate guarding hypothesis, male assistance hypothesis, and female enforced monogamy hypothesis
20
True or False: Communal courting areas used by populations where a single male mates with many females are most accurately referred to as leks.
A)True
B)False





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