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| 1 | |
Which of the following levels of biodiversity is most concerned with threatened and endangered organisms? |
| | A) | genetic diversity |
| | B) | species diversity |
| | C) | ecosystem diversity |
| | D) | Species diversity and ecosystem diversity |
| | E) | Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity |
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| 2 | |
According to the fossil record, the background extinction rate for mammals is 1 species per |
| | A) | 2.5 years. |
| | B) | 10 years. |
| | C) | 1,000 years. |
| | D) | 4,000 years. |
| | E) | 4,000,000 years. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following models describing the relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity claims the loss of more than a few species in an ecosystem would most likely cause collapse of that system? |
| | A) | Diverse-stability hypothesis |
| | B) | Redundancy hypothesis |
| | C) | Rivet hypothesis |
| | D) | Idiosyncratic hypothesis |
| | E) | None of the models would apply to the statement |
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| 4 | |
The largest percentage of which of the following animals is threatened with extinction? |
| | A) | Mammals |
| | B) | Amphibians |
| | C) | Coral reef fishes |
| | D) | Birds |
| | E) | All of the choices of animals are equally threatened with extinction. |
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| 5 | |
Which one of the following ecosystems has the lowest total global value? |
| | A) | Coral reefs |
| | B) | Tidal marshes |
| | C) | Open ocean |
| | D) | Swamps |
| | E) | Temperate forests |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following ecosystems has the highest global value per hectare? |
| | A) | Coral reefs |
| | B) | Tidal marshes |
| | C) | Open ocean |
| | D) | Swamps |
| | E) | Temperate forests |
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| 7 | |
True or False: Shahid Naeem was able to conclude that an increase in biodiversity leads to an increase in ecosystem function. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
In which of the following models is there no relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity? |
| | A) | Intermediate-disturbance hypothesis |
| | B) | Idiosyncratic hypothesis |
| | C) | Rivet hypothesis |
| | D) | Redundancy hypothesis |
| | E) | Diversity-stability hypothesis |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following statements about Tilman's experiments on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function is incorrect? |
| | A) | Arthropod species richness increased with plant species richness. |
| | B) | Frequency of invasive plant species decreased with increased plant species richness. |
| | C) | More diverse plots had increased productivity. |
| | D) | There is a maximum to ecosystem function, beyond which increased species diversity has no effect. |
| | E) | All of the statements about Tilman's experiments on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function are correct. |
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| 10 | |
Which one of the following is most likely to play a primary role in species extinction? |
| | A) | Habitat destruction |
| | B) | Direct exploitation |
| | C) | Climate change |
| | D) | Increased microbial virulence |
| | E) | Introduced species |
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| 11 | |
True or False: When an introduced species outcompetes the native species for space and resources, the introduced species is referred to as invasive. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Which one of the following most accurately describes the "Allee effect?" |
| | A) | Because of the bias in the fossil record, true background extinction rates are likely to be much higher than those predicted solely by the fossil record. |
| | B) | Some changes in allele frequency occur randomly. |
| | C) | Inbreeding is more likely to occur in species where population size is small and there are a limited number of mates. |
| | D) | Certain populations enter a downward spiral toward extinction that they cannot recover from without intervention. |
| | E) | Some individuals in a small population will fail to mate successfully purely by chance. |
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| 13 | |
The effective population size is most accurately defined as |
| | A) | the number of males in a population. |
| | B) | the number of females in a population. |
| | C) | the number of individuals that contribute genes to future populations. |
| | D) | the total number of individuals in a population. |
| | E) | None of the choices accurately define the effective population size. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following criteria must be met before a region can be considered a geographic hot spot? |
| | A) | It must have lost at least 70% of its original habitat. |
| | B) | It must contain at least 1,500 species of endemic vascular plants. |
| | C) | It must contain at least 35 species of endemic vertebrates. |
| | D) | It must have lost at least 70% of its original habitat and it must contain at least 1,500 species of endemic vascular plants |
| | E) | It must have lost at least 70% of its original habitat, it must contain at least 1,500 species of endemic vascular plants, and it must contain at least 35 species of endemic vertebrates |
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| 15 | |
True or False: Most of the world's geographic hot spots lie between 30 degrees and 60 degrees north latitude. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following must be considered by conservationists after identifying a site to preserve? |
| | A) | Size of area |
| | B) | Shape of area |
| | C) | Management requirements of area |
| | D) | Size of area and management requirements of area |
| | E) | Size of area, shape of area, and management requirements of area |
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| 17 | |
Using the principles of island biogeography, arrange the following nature reserve designs in order from most preferable to least preferable.
i:single large, circular reserve
ii: clustered, large, linked reserve,
iii: clustered, rectangular, far reserve
iv: small, oblong, linear reserve
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| | A) | ii; i; iv; iii |
| | B) | ii; i; iii; iv |
| | C) | iv; ii; i; iii |
| | D) | iv; ii; iii; i |
| | E) | i; iv; ii; iii |
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| 18 | |
By protecting one species, many other species would also be protected. The protected species is most accurately defined as a(n) |
| | A) | umbrella species. |
| | B) | barometer species. |
| | C) | indicator species. |
| | D) | flagship species. |
| | E) | keystone species. |
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| 19 | |
The use of living organisms to detoxify polluted habitats is most accurately defined as |
| | A) | ecosystem engineering. |
| | B) | ecosystem replacement. |
| | C) | complete restoration. |
| | D) | rehabilitation. |
| | E) | bioremediation. |
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| 20 | |
True or False: Captive breeding can reestablish breeding populations in near-extinct species, but due to the low population size, care must be taken to avoid inbreeding. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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