| LO 3-1 | Identify the objectives of basic tax planning strategies.
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| LO 3-2 | Apply the timing strategy and describe its applications and
limitations.
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| LO 3-3 | Apply the concept of present value to tax planning.
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| LO 3-4 | Apply the strategy of income shifting, provide examples, and
describe its limitations.
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| LO 3-5 | Apply the conversion strategy, provide examples, and describe
its limitations.
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| LO 3-6 | Describe basic judicial doctrines that limit tax planning strategies.
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| LO 3-7 | Contrast tax avoidance and tax evasion.
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