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| 1 | |
The __________ principle of development suggests that growth begins at the top (the head) of the body and moves downward. |
| | A) | size constancy |
| | B) | proximodistal |
| | C) | cephalocaudal |
| | D) | developmental biodynamics |
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| 2 | |
The average North American newborn is __________ inches long and weighs __________ pounds. |
| | A) | 20; 6 ½ |
| | B) | 20; 7 ½ |
| | C) | 19; 6 ½ |
| | D) | 19; 7 ½ |
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| 3 | |
At birth, the newborn's brain is about ______% of its adult weight. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 50 |
| | D) | 75 |
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| 4 | |
The term __________ describes the specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain. |
| | A) | hippocampus |
| | B) | cephalocaudal |
| | C) | lateralization |
| | D) | proximodistal |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following statements about the REM sleep of a newborn is FALSE? |
| | A) | One-half of the sleep cycle is REM sleep. |
| | B) | Infants often begin their sleep with REM. |
| | C) | The amount of time spent in REM sleep increases with age. |
| | D) | REM sleep is believed to promote brain development in babies. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? |
| | A) | being Hispanic |
| | B) | being Eskimo |
| | C) | low birthweight infants |
| | D) | infants sleeping on their stomachs |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is a nutritional recommendation for infants? |
| | A) | Infants should consume approximately 500 calories per day for each pound they weigh. |
| | B) | Parents should feed their infant a low-fat, low-calorie diet in order to establish healthy eating habits early on. |
| | C) | Overall, breast milk seems to be preferable to formula unless there is a compelling reason not to breastfeed. |
| | D) | Children under age 2 should consume skim milk. |
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| 8 | |
When presented with a sudden, intense noise, Baby Nathan is startled, arches his back, throws back his head, and flings out his arms and legs. This is an example of which reflex? |
| | A) | grasping |
| | B) | rooting |
| | C) | sucking |
| | D) | Moro |
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| 9 | |
An infant would use which of the following reflexes to obtain food? |
| | A) | sucking |
| | B) | rooting |
| | C) | Moro |
| | D) | both sucking and rooting |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill? |
| | A) | walking |
| | B) | lifting your head |
| | C) | finger dexterity |
| | D) | crawling |
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| 11 | |
Which gross motor skill is acquired before sitting without support? |
| | A) | holding the head erect |
| | B) | standing with support |
| | C) | pulling to a stand |
| | D) | walking |
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| 12 | |
__________ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. |
| | A) | Perception |
| | B) | Sensation |
| | C) | Developmental biodynamics |
| | D) | Intermodal perception |
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| 13 | |
The visual cliff is used to study infant: |
| | A) | depth perception. |
| | B) | visual acuity and color. |
| | C) | visual preferences. |
| | D) | visual expectations. |
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| 14 | |
The main theme of the ecological approach of Eleanor and James Gibson is to discover __________. |
| | A) | how perception guides action |
| | B) | how action guides perception |
| | C) | why action and perception seem unrelated in infant development |
| | D) | both how perception guides action and how action guides perception |
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| 15 | |
A (An) __________ is a cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences. |
| | A) | scheme |
| | B) | primary circular reaction |
| | C) | intentionality |
| | D) | object permanence |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is Piaget's stage of cognitive development for infancy? |
| | A) | formal operational |
| | B) | concrete operational |
| | C) | preoperational |
| | D) | sensorimotor |
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| 17 | |
According to Piaget, one of the most important accomplishments in infancy is the development of __________, which allows an infant to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. |
| | A) | infant-directed speech |
| | B) | dishabituation |
| | C) | object permanence |
| | D) | receptive vocabulary. |
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| 18 | |
Research evaluating Piaget's sensorimotor stage suggests that perceptual development occurs __________ than Piaget suggested, and that conceptual development occurs __________ than Piaget envisioned. |
| | A) | later; later |
| | B) | later; earlier |
| | C) | earlier; later |
| | D) | earlier; earlier |
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| 19 | |
Andrew Meltzoff is known for: |
| | A) | demonstrating how infants can retain information through conditioning. |
| | B) | developing the developmental quotient. |
| | C) | demonstrating infants' imitative abilities. |
| | D) | developing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. |
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| 20 | |
The term ___________ refers to memory without conscious recollection. |
| | A) | implicit memory |
| | B) | explicit memory |
| | C) | infantile memory |
| | D) | reflective memory |
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| 21 | |
The vocabulary spurt that begins at approximately 18 months involves a: |
| | A) | dramatic increase in receptive vocabulary but not spoken vocabulary. |
| | B) | rapid increase in spoken vocabulary. |
| | C) | decrease in telegraph speech. |
| | D) | temporary delay in language production during brain development. |
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| 22 | |
A 24-month-old child would most likely communicate with: |
| | A) | babbling. |
| | B) | holophrases. |
| | C) | two-word, telegraphic utterances. |
| | D) | complete sentences. |
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| 23 | |
When Jacob says "Me big boy!" his mother replies "Yes, you are a big boy!" This is known as: |
| | A) | recasting. |
| | B) | echoing. |
| | C) | labeling. |
| | D) | expanding. |
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