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| 1 | |
During early childhood, the average child grows __________ inches. |
| | A) | 1½ |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 2½ |
| | D) | 3 |
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| 2 | |
Regarding brain development in early childhood, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Increases in brain size are primarily due to myelination and increases in the number dendrites. |
| | B) | The most rapid period of brain growth throughout the lifespan occurs during early childhood. |
| | C) | The prefrontal cortex experiences a growth delay during the process of myelination. |
| | D) | There are very few anatomical changes in the brain from ages 3 to 6. |
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| 3 | |
What is the second stage of Piaget's cognitive theory of development that emphasizes a child's ability to represent the world with words, images, and drawings? |
| | A) | concrete operational |
| | B) | zone of proximal development |
| | C) | sensorimotor |
| | D) | preoperational |
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| 4 | |
Preoperational means that a child cannot yet perform: |
| | A) | reversible mental actions. |
| | B) | symbolic thinking. |
| | C) | intuitive reasoning. |
| | D) | mental representation of an unseen object. |
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| 5 | |
__________, a limitation of preoperational thinking, is the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of another person. |
| | A) | Animism |
| | B) | Conservation |
| | C) | Egocentrism |
| | D) | Centration |
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| 6 | |
Which substage of preoperational thinking occurs between ages 2 and 4 years and involves the child's ability to mentally represent an object that is not present? |
| | A) | symbolic function substage |
| | B) | egocentrism substage |
| | C) | animism substage |
| | D) | intuitive thought substage |
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| 7 | |
In the United States, what is the leading cause of death in young children? |
| | A) | cancer |
| | B) | cardiovascular disease |
| | C) | SIDS |
| | D) | accidents |
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| 8 | |
__________ is the focusing of attention on one characteristic of an object or situation to the exclusion of all others. |
| | A) | Egocentrism |
| | B) | Animism |
| | C) | Operation |
| | D) | Centration |
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| 9 | |
__________ is the awareness that altering an object's appearance does not change its basic properties. |
| | A) | Conservation |
| | B) | Irreversibility |
| | C) | Zone of proximal development |
| | D) | Scaffolding |
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| 10 | |
__________ is Vygotsky's term suggesting that, over the course of a teaching session, the teacher should change the level of support given to fit the student's performance level. |
| | A) | Theory of mind |
| | B) | Zone of proximal development |
| | C) | Scaffolding |
| | D) | Social construction |
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| 11 | |
Both Vygotsky and Piaget suggested that: |
| | A) | education plays a central role in helping children learn the tools of the culture. |
| | B) | language plays a minimal role in cognitive development. |
| | C) | knowledge is socially constructed. |
| | D) | teachers should be facilitators and guides rather than directors. |
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| 12 | |
Regarding information processing in early childhood, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | The child's attention dramatically improves, including an ability to attend to relevant, nonsalient features in performing a task. |
| | B) | Children are unable to be led into developing false memories. |
| | C) | Significant improvements occur in short-term memory. |
| | D) | Young children use strategies for remembering information. |
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| 13 | |
Research on theory of mind has found that children refer to __________ earlier and more frequently than they refer to __________. |
| | A) | emotions; mental processes |
| | B) | cognitive states; desires |
| | C) | mental processes; emotions |
| | D) | desires; cognitive states |
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| 14 | |
Jean Berko: |
| | A) | is a physician who crafted a revolutionary approach to early childhood education. |
| | B) | identified the zone of proximal development. |
| | C) | conducted a classic experiment using nonsense words to demonstrate that children understand morphological rules. |
| | D) | is a child developmentalist who suggested that parents who are competent, dedicated, and possess the time and energy can provide the basic ingredients of early childhood education at home. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is not a principle of a child-centered kindergarten? |
| | A) | Each child follows a unique developmental pattern. |
| | B) | Young children learn best through firsthand experiences with people and materials. |
| | C) | Play is extremely important in the child's total development. |
| | D) | Children learn best when adults are available to guide learning experiences. |
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| 16 | |
Developmentally appropriate practices in education are based on typical development at a given age as well as the uniqueness of each child. This type of schooling is considered: |
| | A) | age-appropriate but not individual-appropriate. |
| | B) | individual-appropriate but not age-appropriate. |
| | C) | neither age- nor individual-appropriate. |
| | D) | both age- and individual-appropriate. |
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| 17 | |
__________ is a compensatory education program designed to provide children from low-income families with the opportunity to acquire important school success skills. |
| | A) | The Montessori approach |
| | B) | Project Head Start |
| | C) | Project Follow Through |
| | D) | NAEYC |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following characteristics is central to the Montessori approach to education? |
| | A) | Children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing their activities. |
| | B) | The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. |
| | C) | Children are encouraged to actively make their own decisions from an early age. |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 19 | |
Preschool children are increasingly capable of learning and applying rules of syntax. Syntax refers to: |
| | A) | the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences. |
| | B) | the aspect of language that involves the meaning of words and sentences. |
| | C) | the appropriate use of language in different contexts. |
| | D) | the units of meaning involved in word formation. |
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| 20 | |
A young child's ability to add the letter "s" to create plurals demonstrates their growing mastery of: |
| | A) | phonology. |
| | B) | morphology. |
| | C) | syntax. |
| | D) | pragmatics. |
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