Chapter Overview

Movies began with the sequential action photographs of Eadweard Muybridge in 1877. Narrative films were introduced around the turn of the century. Film soon became a large, studio-controlled business on the West Coast. The industry weathered the Great Depression, only to be forced into change with the coming of television.

Today, major studios produce most movie revenue, though independent films are often more innovative. Rather than take chances, the blockbuster mentality of the big studios leads them to rely on such strategies as concept films, sequels and remakes, and movies based on television shows.

Convergence of film with other forms of media has allowed new methods of distribution and exhibition. Digital video is beginning to open up new methods of production. The practice of product placement often effects artistic decisions, which a media literate person can learn to detect.