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Chapter Outline

This chapter addresses the following questions:
  • What changes emerge in the fossil record beginning about 2.7 million years ago?
  • Who were the robust hominins, and how were they different from other Plio-Pleistocene hominin forms?
  • Who are the two gracile hominins? Are they related to later forms?
  • What major changes happened in the human lineage about 2 million years ago, and how did humans of this time period live?









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