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| 1 | |
When did earliest hints of biocultural evolution appear in the fossil record? |
| | A) | About 200,000 years ago |
| | B) | About 2 million years ago |
| | C) | About 20 million years ago |
| | D) | About 200 million years ago |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mosaic habitat? |
| | A) | Temperature fluctuations |
| | B) | Changing seasonal patterns |
| | C) | Biocultural evolution |
| | D) | Creation of new ecological niches and new species |
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| 3 | |
Cooking and processing food to make it easier to digest is an example of: |
| | A) | Natural selection |
| | B) | Selective pressures |
| | C) | Somatic adaptation |
| | D) | Biocultural evolution |
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| 4 | |
Which characteristics identify the robust group of late Pliocene fossils? |
| | A) | Stout mandibles, massive teeth, and large chewing adaptations |
| | B) | Massive teeth and a slight build |
| | C) | Large brain, massive teeth, and large chewing adaptations |
| | D) | Bipedal anatomy, large brain, and massive teeth |
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| 5 | |
What do the robust hominins, Paranthropus aethiopicus,Paranthropus boisei, and Paranthropus robustus, have in common? |
| | A) | Large brain size |
| | B) | Arms longer than legs |
| | C) | Pronounced Sexual dimorphism |
| | D) | Megadontia |
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| 6 | |
Did Paranthropus make stone tools? |
| | A) | No, they did not use tools |
| | B) | No, but they used unmodified stone tools. |
| | C) | Yes, based on fossil evidence |
| | D) | Probably, based on fossil evidence |
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| 7 | |
Why are the gracile hominins frequently thought of as possible human ancestors? |
| | A) | Lack of super-robust chewing morphology |
| | B) | Shared traits with A. afarensis |
| | C) | Shared traits with members of the genus Homo |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 8 | |
Which gracile hominin form is characterized by very large teeth, specific facial traits, upper limbs similar early hominins, and lower limbs resembling those of later hominins, and possible tool use and meat eating. |
| | A) | A. afarensis |
| | B) | A. africanus |
| | C) | A. garhi |
| | D) | P. aethiopicus |
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| 9 | |
Which hominin form is identified by fossils aged 2.5 and 1.5 million years old, a large brain size, differently shaped faces, slightly smaller teeth, and modified stone tool use? |
| | A) | Homo habilis |
| | B) | Homo rudolfensis |
| | C) | Australopithecus garhi |
| | D) | This is still debated |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is NOT true of both H. rudolfensis and H. habilis? |
| | A) | Both continue the trend toward an increase in brain size. |
| | B) | Both are probably the first true humans |
| | C) | Both demonstrated greater ability to use tools. |
| | D) | Both continue the trend toward smaller teeth. |
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| 11 | |
Based on fossil evidence, which organism(s) used Olduwan tools? |
| | A) | All hominins |
| | B) | Robust hominins |
| | C) | afarensis |
| | D) | H. rudolfensis and H. habilis |
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| 12 | |
According to current thinking, why did H. erectus expand beyond Africa? |
| | A) | The advent of Acheulian tools |
| | B) | Population pressure |
| | C) | Global climatic and habitat changes |
| | D) | Larger brain sizes and adventuresome group members |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following statements would lumpers agree with? |
| | A) | All fossils of the genus Homo from about 1.8 million years ago through the present day are members of the same species, Homo sapiens. |
| | B) | The genus Homo included at least three or four species between 1.8 and 0.3 million years ago, and there were repeated movements out of Africa. |
| | C) | The genus Homo included many species between 1.8 and 0.3 million years ago, and there was a massive movement out of Africa. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 14 | |
How were Acheulian tools used? |
| | A) | To build fires |
| | B) | For grooming |
| | C) | To process meat and hides |
| | D) | Undetermined |
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| 15 | |
What was the primary mechanism members of the genus Homo used to cope with environmental challenges? |
| | A) | Biocultural evolution |
| | B) | Migration |
| | C) | Adaptation |
| | D) | Natural selection |
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