1 Which of the following statements is true?A) It became clear during the presidential campaign of James Monroe in 1820 that political parties had become powerful and that competition between them would continue to be fierce. B) George Washington believed that political parties would be necessary to temper the power of individual candidates, whom he feared would become like monarchs without an organization to control them. C) One of the two first parties was the Federalist Party, which sought to protect states' rights and the interests of small landowners and the states. D) There were no political parties in existence on a national level in the U.S. when the Constitution was written, but they evolved in part due to a political rivalry. E) Political parties did not develop in the United States until the late nineteenth century. 2 ________ developed the first grassroots political party in the United States.A) Thomas Jefferson B) James Monroe C) Andrew Jackson D) John Quincy Adams E) James Madison 3 Whigs were united by theirA) coherent philosophy. B) opposition to the policies of the Jacksonian Democrats. C) opposition to Federalist policies. D) opposition to Republican policies. E) None of these answers is correct. 4 ________, the first Republican elected to the presidency, was as a child poor and largely self-taught.A) Grover Cleveland B) William McKinley C) Abraham Lincoln D) Franklin Roosevelt E) John C. Breckinridge 5 Which of the following were realigning elections during which Republicans consolidated control?A) 1860 and 1932 B) 1896 and 2000 C) 1932 and 1896 D) 2000 and 1860 E) both 1860 and 1896 6 Which of the following is indicative of a dealignment?A) More voters identify with the GOP. B) More voters identify with the Democratic Party. C) More voters identify themselves as Independent. D) More voters identify with the Socialist Party. E) None of these answers is correct. 7 Most democracies haveA) single-member districts and two competitive political parties. B) proportional representation and two competitive political parties C) single-member districts and three or more competitive parties. D) only two competitive political parties. E) proportional representation and three or more competitive political parties. 8 ________ is a movement of voters away from strong party attachments.A) Realignment B) Reapportionment C) Dealignment D) Factionalization E) Apathy 9 ________ occurs when a voter chooses a candidate on the basis of what the candidate promises to do if elected.A) Retrospective voting B) Sociotropic voting C) Split-ticket voting D) Straight-ticket voting E) Prospective voting 10 The Republican coalition consists mainly ofA) Jews and Catholics B) Catholics and white wealthy Americans. C) gays and lesbians. D) white middle-class Americans. E) women. 11 The ________ is an example of a factional party.A) Bull Moose Party B) Right-to-Life Party C) Green Party D) Populist Party E) Reform Party 12 The ________ is the only minor party to have achieved majority status.A) Democratic Party B) Republican Party C) Federalist Party D) Whig Party E) Progressive Party 13 Not-for-profit political organizations that have become popular tools for evading soft money bans are known as ________ groups.A) BCRA B) 527 C) Swift Boat D) service E) Teflon 14 At least 95 percent of party activists work at theA) national level. B) state level. C) local level. D) international level. E) national and state levels. 15 Because of their greater support for the Democratic Party's agenda of government assistance for the poor, minorities, children, and the elderly, the Democratic Party's largest gains in recent decades have come fromA) Hispanics. B) women. C) evangelical Christians. D) men. E) African Americans. 16 U.S. political parties areA) organized from the top down. B) very centralized. C) loose associations of national, state, and local organizations. D) organized from the bottom up. E) loose associations of national, state, and local organizations, which are organized from the bottom up. 17 Which of the following is the best example of an ideological party?A) Bull Moose Party B) Prohibition Party C) Reform Party D) Populist Party E) e Republican Party 18 What is one of the disadvantages of candidate-centered campaigns?A) They often degenerate into mud-slinging contests. B) They are fertile ground for powerful special-interest groups. C) They weaken accountability, as elected officials blame others when things go wrong. D) All of these are disadvantages: They often degenerate into mud-slinging contests; they are fertile ground for powerful special-interest groups; and they weaken accountability, as elected officials blame others when things go wrong. E) None of these answers is correct. 19 Which minor party won three percent of the popular vote in the 2000 presidential election?A) Libertarian Party B) Populist Party C) Reform Party D) Green Party E) Socialist Party of America 20 The median voter theorem holds thatA) single-member districts increase the stakes for the voter and result in a larger turnout than in the proportional representation system. B) voters will naturally seek the center of the political spectrum for fear of bringing extremist parties into the legislature. C) the proportional representation system encourages parties to move toward the median voter. D) if there are two parties, the parties can maximize their vote only if they position themselves at the location of the median voter. E) interest groups seek to influence government based on the popular opinion of the median voter.