Environmental Science, 11th Edition (Cunningham)

Chapter 22: Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Practice Quiz

1
The proportion of people living in urban areas in the last 30 years has increased in
A)North America, South America, and Asia.
B)all continents.
C)all continents but Africa.
D)all continents but Europe and Africa.
2
If present growth rates continue, by 2015 the five largest cities in the world will each have ______ people.
A)5 million
B)10 million
C)20 million
D)50 million
3
Push factors driving people out of rural areas include
A)lack of employment.
B)political, religious, or other conflicts.
C)lack of food and housing.
D)all of the above.
4
Migration is the primary cause of urban growth in
A)Africa.
B)South America.
C)East Asia.
D)all the world's urban areas.
5
The vast majority of the growth in human population in this century is expected to take place in
A)rural Africa and Asia.
B)rural Asia and South America.
C)current large urban areas of the developing nations.
D)all of the above.
6
Urban sprawl is characterized by
A)dominance of freeways and cars.
B)leapfrog development reducing farmland and natural areas.
C)low-density residential development.
D)all of the above.
7
Problems found in urban areas of both developed and developing nations include
A)high unemployment.
B)homelessness.
C)high stress levels.
D)all of the above.
8
The experience of Los Angeles suggests that in large growing cities additional freeway construction
A)has worsened traffic congestion.
B)has reduced time drivers spend in traffic jams.
C)has increased average freeway speed.
D)has done more than one of the above.
9
Urban planners suggest that it takes a population of about _____ to obtain the advantages of a city but still retain the sense of community.
A)500 to 1000
B)2500 to 5000
C)30,000 to 50,000
D)90,000 to 100,000
10
Design principles of the new Urbanist movement would
A)organize cities into units of no more than 50,000 people.
B)locate shopping and services to increase convenience and decrease auto dependency.
C)make cities more self-sustainable by growing food locally and using renewable energy resources.
D)include all of the above.
11
Urbanization is a process of increased concentration of people in cities.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
12
Cities in many developing nations have a disproportionately high share of their nation's wealth.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
13
The concept of including spacious boulevards and parks is a very recent development in urban design.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
14
Establishing successful public transportation systems is often thwarted due to insufficient population density.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
15
Over a third of the surface area of many large downtown areas like Los Angeles' are utilized for automobiles.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
16
Curitiba, Brazil has become a model for sustainable urban development _______.
A)but the principles on which it operates are only applicable to the developing world
B)but it still lags behind most cities in the US and Europe
C)at the cost of gentrification and the relocation of the poor.
D)None of the above are correct
17
Cities with populations greater than 10 million people
A)Do not exist in the developed world
B)Are referred to as megacities
C)Both 1 and 2 are correct
D)None of the above is correct
18
_______ of urban residents in developing countries have satisfactory sanitation services.
A)Nearly all
B)70-80%
C)Less than half
19
It is estimated that 3 billion people live in slums, shantytowns and squatter settlements of the developing world's cities.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
20
Smart growth is a term that is applied to
A)growth that generates the most tax revenue for new infrastructure
B)development strategies that make efficient use of resources
C)efforts to stop development and urban growth
D)all of the above
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