American History: A Survey (Brinkley), 13th Edition

Chapter 10: AMERICA'S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
The American population between 1820 and 1840
A)grew fastest in the South.
B)became increasingly rural.
C)doubled.
D)was not growing as fast as the population of Europe.
E)was migrating westward.
2
The rise of New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of the following EXCEPT
A)a superior natural harbor.
B)liberal state laws that made the city attractive for both foreign and domestic commerce.
C)an absence of "nativist" sentiment.
D)unrivaled access to the interior.
E)the primary port of entry for European immigrants.
3
At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was
A)already obsolete.
B)beginning to fill with silt from the Great Lakes.
C)the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken.
D)cited as an example of how not to construct a canal.
E)already paid for.
4
Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?
A)immigrants from Europe
B)northeast farmers
C)the growth of the population as a whole
D)immigrants from Europe and the growth of the population as a whole
E)All these answers are correct.
5
The nativist movement wanted to
A)return all land to Native Americans.
B)enact more restrictive naturalization laws.
C)increase aid to education so voters would be literate.
D)make immigrants feel this was their home.
E)end all immigration.
6
One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was
A)an increased white settlement in the Northwest.
B)an increased white settlement in the Southwest.
C)the renewed cooperation between states and the national environment on internal improvement projects.
D)the conviction that the national government should be responsible for all internal improvements.
E)the dominance of steamboat transport.
7
During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads
A)played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system.
B)replaced canals as the most important means of transportation.
C)generated little interest among American businessmen.
D)consisted of a few long lines, which were not connected to water routes.
E)were built alongside the canals.
8
The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the
A)development of a national banking system.
B)creation of corporations.
C)decline of the small-town merchant and general store.
D)rise of the factory.
E)decline of American agriculture.
9
The telegraph
A)was expensive to use and thus offered limited advantages for American industry.
B)slowly developed as a tool for commerce in the United States.
C)was intended to replace newspapers.
D)was invented in just a week by Samuel F. B. Morse.
E)was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844.
10
The great technical advances in American industry owed much to
A)American inventors.
B)national research universities.
C)innovative businessmen.
D)labor unions.
E)All these answers are correct.
11
The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to
A)overcrowding in American cities.
B)a dramatic increase in food production.
C)the use of slaves in manufacturing industries.
D)an increase in European immigration.
E)an excess agricultural labor force.
12
The Lowell or Waltham system of recruiting labor was to
A)enlist young women from farm families.
B)recruit whole families from rural areas.
C)recruit newly arrived immigrants.
D)enlist young men from farm families.
E)provide liberal pay and living conditions.
13
The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because
A)workers resented being watched over so carefully.
B)in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs.
C)unions undermined the owners' authority.
D)men found jobs in the factories, and they disliked the paternalistic system.
E)it adversely affected work quality.
14
Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took place in the
A)South and Southwest.
B)Old Northwest.
C)New England region and the mid-Atlantic states.
D)Ohio Valley.
E)southern Great Lakes region.
15
Artisan workers
A)successfully made the transition to factory work.
B)created the nation's earliest trade unions.
C)had abandoned the republican vision of American work.
D)allied themselves with the new capitalist class.
E)developed a niche market catering to the middle class.
16
Which of the following was NOT a technological advance that sped the growth of industry during this period?
A)better machine tools
B)interchangeable tools
C)improved water-power generators
D)new steam engines
E)the development of wood stoves
17
The railroad network that developed during this period linked
A)the Northeast to the Northwest.
B)the Northeast to the Gulf Coast.
C)the East Coast to the West Coast.
D)New York to New Orleans.
E)Richmond to Atlanta.
18
Crucial to the operation of railroads was
A)a system of federal railroad regulations.
B)the invention of the telegraph.
C)slave labor to build the lines.
D)a canal and river system that supported the lines.
E)the fuel switch from wood to coal.
19
Which of the following did NOT inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance?
A)ethnic divisions between natives and immigrants
B)the availability of cheap labor
C)slavery
D)the strength of the industrial capitalists
E)laws unfavorable to labor
20
The unequal distribution of wealth NOT create more resentment was
A)the actual living standard of the workers was improving.
B)there was no social mobility, but people were content to stay where they were in the social system.
C)geographic mobility was limited, so there were few other opportunities.
D)the political system offered few ways to express resentment.
E)All these answers are correct.
21
In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from
A)helpmate to workmate.
B)"republican mother" to "democratic female."
C)passive domestic to radical feminist.
D)income producer to income consumer.
E)obedient helpmate to coequal partner in the household.
22
Shakespeare's plays
A)were generally viewed as entertainment for the nation's elite classes.
B)led to a riot at the Astor Place Opera House.
C)were not particularly enjoyed by antebellum Americans.
D)were played before quiet, respectful audiences in American cities.
E)were performed in America by British actors.
23
The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of the United States because
A)northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast.
B)northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest.
C)northwestern grain was sold to the South, which allowed it to grow more cotton.
D)the Northwest was able to feed itself so it did not align with any other section.
E)northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast and northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest.
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