American History: A Survey (Brinkley), 13th Edition

Chapter 15: RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Freed blacks
A)most often demanded a redistribution of economic resources.
B)only asked for legal equality.
C)were nearly unanimous in their desire for independence from white control.
D)generally remained involved in mixed-race churches.
E)sought violent revenge for past wrongs.
2
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
A)declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
B)officially ended slavery.
C)granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
D)provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
E)opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans.
3
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
A)declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
B)officially ended slavery.
C)granted "citizenship" to the freed men.
D)provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they could be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
E)opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans.
4
The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
A)declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race.
B)officially ended slavery.
C)granted "citizenship" to the freedmen.
D)provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives.
E)opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans.
5
Which faction of the Republican Party wanted Reconstruction to punish the former Confederacy, disenfranchise large numbers of Southern whites, and confiscate the property of leading Confederates?
A)moderates
B)conservatives
C)Redeemers
D)Scalybaggers
E)Radicals
6
Which best describes Congressional reaction to the former Confederate states that had set up new governments under Andrew Johnson's "presidential Reconstruction"?
A)They fully accepted all of the states except Georgia and South Carolina, which had elected no blacks to office.
B)They conditionally accepted all of the states pending the results of local and state elections.
C)They refused to seat the senators and representatives from the states and set up a committee to investigate and advise on Reconstruction.
D)They fully accepted all of the states west of the Mississippi River, but required new constitutions in the others.
E)They enacted the Wade-Davis Bill.
7
The "Black Codes" were a set of regulations established by
A)the Congress to protect the rights of the former slaves to own property and to find employment.
B)the U.S. Supreme Court to enforce the provisions of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
C)the Northern states to prevent a massive influx of former slaves from entering their states and seeking homes and jobs.
D)the Southern states to promote white supremacy and to control the economic and social activities of the freed men.
E)the Southern states to ameliorate radical Reconstruction Acts.
8
Which of the following, if any, was NOT a provision of the Congressional plan of Reconstruction enacted in early 1867?
A)dividing the South into military districts administered by military commanders
B)requiring former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
C)mandating former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to hold a constitutional convention and prepare a constitution providing for black male suffrage
D)declaring that each state must present a plan for distributing farm land to, or providing jobs for, the former slaves
E)All these answers are correct.
9
Critics of native Southern whites who joined the Republican Party called them
A)carpetbaggers.
B)whippersnappers.
C)scalawags.
D)white camellias.
E)filibusterers.
10
Education in the South
A)was largely sponsored by local businessmen.
B)did not take root during Reconstruction.
C)resulted in the development of mostly mixed-race schools.
D)reached over 10 percent of the school-age population of former slaves.
E)was provided to whites only.
11
Which best describes the extent of "Negro rule" in the Southern states during Reconstruction?
A)African Americans played a significant political role in several states but never elected a governor or controlled a state legislature.
B)Some African Americans held local elective offices and a very few were elected to state legislatures but the numbers were politically inconsequential in every state.
C)In the Deep South states where African Americans constituted a majority of the voters due to white disenfranchisement, blacks dominated both houses of the state legislatures and controlled state politics as long as federal troops remained in the South.
D)African Americans did not actually hold many offices in any state, but they effectively dominated local offices in all but Tennessee and Arkansas through alliances with white Republicans.
E)It was significant only in Georgia and Mississippi.
12
What institution was the key point of contact in the agricultural credit system for most Southern farmers, black and white, in the late nineteenth century?
A)small town banks owned by Northerners
B)large diversified planters
C)finance companies in the larger cities such as Atlanta and Memphis
D)mail order mortgage companies operating out of New York
E)local country-store merchants
13
In the late nineteenth century, the agricultural credit system in the South encouraged farmers
A)to rely heavily on cash crops—especially cotton.
B)to diversify away from cotton toward food grains and livestock.
C)to adopt the use of mechanization on increasingly larger farms.
D)to abandon farming and invest in capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises.
E)to abandon their land and go west.
14
The election of 1868
A)was a landslide for Grant.
B)saw Grant uncertain whether to run as the candidate for the Democrats or Republicans.
C)was narrow because of his opposition to Reconstruction.
D)was free from violence in the South.
E)was narrow because of a low black turnout in the South.
15
The greenback movement
A)was most popular with creditors.
B)introduced one of the most powerful political issues of the late nineteenth century.
C)resulted in the creation of a successful third party.
D)ended in the adoption of the movement's proposed legislation.
E)led to the panic of 1873.
16
Ulysses S. Grant's election as president was largely a result of his being
A)governor of New York during the postwar economic boom.
B)a triumphant commanding general of the Union army.
C)the popular administrator of the Freedmen's Bureau.
D)a flamboyant cavalry officer in the western Indian wars.
E)incorruptible.
17
Which of the following, if any, was NOT associated with the "Compromise of 1877"?
A)removal of the last federal troops from the South
B)increased federal aid for railroads and other internal improvements
C)appointment of a Southerner to the cabinet
D)making Rutherford B. Hayes president
E)All these answers are correct.
18
Which, of the following is NOT cited by the text as a reason that Reconstruction failed to accomplish more to promote racial equality in the United States?
A)fear that harsh action might lead to resumed military action by the Southern states, even though they had been defeated.
B)attachment to a states' rights view of the Constitution, even for the rebel states.
C)deep respect for private property rights, even for leading Confederates.
D)belief in black inferiority by many whites, even Northern liberals.
E)Northern complacency brought about by the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution.
19
The "solid" South refers to the
A)work ethic values of Southern whites.
B)courage of Confederate soldiers during the war despite being outnumbered.
C)steady returns that Northern bankers could expect from investment in cotton.
D)the fact that the Democratic Party could count on the votes of the Southern states after Reconstruction.
E)consistent and uniform opposition of whites to black progress.
20
In most states, the "Redeemers" or "Bourbons" were typically composed of
A)a newly emerging class of merchants, industrialists, railroad developers, and financiers.
B)essentially the same old planter elite that had dominated antebellum politics.
C)a coalition of poor, working-class whites and blacks.
D)white farmers who owned small to medium farms.
E)Republicans and Democrats who favored the ideal of equal rights for all.
21
Recent historians of Reconstruction
A)have viewed it as a failure.
B)have viewed it as a substantial success.
C)have found the racism of white Southerners overstated.
D)have argued that the blacks gained significant improvements through this era.
E)All these answers are correct except Reconstruction being viewed as a failure.
22
Henry W. Grady was
A)the builder of the American Tobacco Company.
B)an Atlanta editor who became a leading spokesman for the "New South" idea.
C)the person principally responsible for Birmingham, Alabama becoming an iron and steel production center.
D)the governor of South Carolina who was most vociferous in advocating that blacks should migrate from the South to take industrial jobs in the North.
E)an Atlanta hotel magnate.
23
In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the U.S. Supreme Court established the general principle that
A)states could not prevent blacks from voting just because their grandparents had been slaves.
B)states could require separate accommodations on trains, in schools, and the like, for blacks and whites as long as the accommodations were equal.
C)Congress could take away a state's seats in the U.S. House of Representatives if the state refused to allow blacks to vote in Congressional elections.
D)local governments could use zoning and building codes to enforce racial segregation by neighborhood.
E)states could use poll taxes and literacy tests to establish voting qualifications.
24
"Jim Crow" is a nickname for
A)white Southerners who used violence or intimidation to restrict black activities.
B)black people who curried favor with whites by acting excessively polite and deferential.
C)the whole system of laws and customs that kept the races separate in schools, public buildings, houses, jobs, theaters and the like.
D)black people who pretended to be friendly toward whites but who secretly undermined white interests.
E)the African-American culture of dance, music, food, and religion that grew up after slavery.
25
Around the turn of the century, which of the following was most likely to attract Northern white support?
A)increased enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment
B)statutes allowing whites and blacks to marry each other if they wished
C)a federal anti-lynching law
D)congressional intervention to promote racial integration in Southern public schools
E)the Ku Klux Klan
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