American History: A Survey (Brinkley), 13th Edition

Chapter 27: THE COLD WAR

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied conduct of World War II?
A)the slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front
B)the fact that Russia was not invited to the Casablanca Conference
C)the refusal of the United States to include Russia in the lend lease program
D)the refusal of the United States to have any official dealing with a communist government
E)the refusal of the United States to offer loans to Russia
2
An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to
A)hasten the end of the war.
B)destroy the morale of the Axis powers.
C)encourage the Italians to split with Germany.
D)reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone.
E)ensure Germany never rearmed again.
3
At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to
A)join the United Nations.
B)enter the war against Japan.
C)give up reparations from Germany.
D)give up claims to Polish territory.
E)support the dropping of an atomic bomb in Japan.
4
With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for
A)permanent Soviet occupation.
B)a system of United Nations mandates.
C)permanent U.S. occupation.
D)the withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government.
E)interim governments and subsequent free elections.
5
President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets
A)mirrored that of President Roosevelt.
B)resulted in a diplomatic victory at Potsdam.
C)was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam.
D)placed him in conflict with Winston Churchill.
E)mirrored that of Winston Churchill.
6
When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's Communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia?
A)India
B)Indonesia
C)Taiwan
D)the Philippines
E)Japan
7
The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with
A)Douglas MacArthur.
B)George F. Kennan.
C)George C. Marshall.
D)Henry A. Wallace.
E)Harry Truman.
8
The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in
A)Egypt.
B)Latin America.
C)Western Europe.
D)Greece and Turkey.
E)China.
9
The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that
A)the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery.
B)communist influence actually increased in the countries receiving the aid.
C)the United States economy was nearly bankrupted by this giveaway program.
D)the recipient nations engaged in bitter competition with one another to gain the largest share of the aid.
E)communism would be contained to certain countries.
10
Four of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which is the exception?
A)It established the CIA.
B)It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
C)It created the National Security Council.
D)It combined the functions of secretary of war and secretary of navy under one secretary of defense.
E)It abolished the Office of Strategic Services.
11
Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to
A)abandon the Western-occupied portions of Berlin.
B)create a policy of containment.
C)give up plans for uniting the three Western zones of Germany.
D)use military force to break the blockade of land routes into Berlin.
E)airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year.
12
The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must
A)consider an attack on one as an attack on all.
B)refer all cases of armed aggression to the United Nations.
C)confer with one another in case of an attack on any member.
D)encourage belligerent members not to go to war.
E)None of these answers is correct.
13
Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese Communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers
A)were executed.
B)were imprisoned.
C)fled to Thailand (Burma).
D)fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
E)committed suicide.
14
Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of World War II?
A)a multi-billion dollar tax cut
B)the release of pent-up civilian consumer demand
C)significant government spending for veterans' benefits
D)the Allies' repayment of war loans
E)military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War
15
Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the
A)Fair Deal.
B)Square Deal.
C)New Frontier.
D)New Deal Revisited.
E)containment.
16
The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that
A)Truman's domestic policy won a vote of confidence.
B)the voting public demanded more radical governmental reforms.
C)the Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate.
D)in a political upset, the Democrats regained control of both the House and the Senate.
E)the Republicans won control of the House but not the Senate.
17
Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to
A)farming.
B)big business.
C)veterans.
D)southern conservatives.
E)organized labor.
18
In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on _________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressives opposed Truman's _________ policy.
A)civil rights, confrontational Cold War
B)the Cold War, aggressive civil rights
C)economic reconversion, Social Security system
D)the Social Security system, economic reconversion
E)Social Security, confrontational Cold War
19
After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting four of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did Congress NOT approve?
A)increase of the minimum wage
B)expansion of the Social Security system
C)federal construction of low-income housing
D)creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission
E)passage of the National Housing Act
20
When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was
A)occupied entirely by United States forces.
B)occupied by the same four powers as in Germany.
C)united under the nationalist government of Syngman Rhee.
D)occupied entirely by the Soviet Union.
E)divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation.
21
What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea?
A)the incompetence of American troops
B)the resilience of the North Korean army
C)Soviet intervention in the conflict
D)Chinese intervention in the conflict
E)lack of support by the American people
22
Which of the following was part of the Truman administration's "loyalty" program?
A)the investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee
B)the McCarran Act
C)the Hiss case
D)the Rosenberg case
E)the Taft-Hartley Act
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