American History: A Survey (Brinkley), 13th Edition

Chapter 29: CIVIL RIGHTS, VIETNAM, AND THE ORDEAL OF LIBERALISM

Multiple Choice Quiz

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The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .

1			John F. Kennedy made an attractive presidential candidate in 1960 for all the following reasons EXCEPT his
			A)	family wealth and prestige.
			B)	past accomplishments as a handsome war hero.
			C)	personal eloquence, wit, and charisma.
			D)	promise to keep the nation on the course of the 1950s.
			E)	youth.
2			President Kennedy found many of his legislative initiatives blocked by
			A)	the Supreme Court.
			B)	Republican majorities in Congress.
			C)	conservative Southern Democrats.
			D)	the Supreme Court and conservative Southern Democrats.
			E)	the Supreme Court and Republican majorities in Congress.
3			In contrast to Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson
			A)	rejected the concept of dynamic governmental activism.
			B)	possessed a shy and reticent personality.
			C)	displayed remarkable skill in influencing Congress.
			D)	sympathized with Southern conservatives on civil rights issues.
			E)	lacked charisma.
4			Lyndon B. Johnson billed his domestic program as the
			A)	Great Society.
			B)	New Frontier.
			C)	Era of Equality.
			D)	Alliance for Progress.
			E)	Fair Deal.
5			A significant reason that the Medicare proposal was able to overcome opposition and win congressional approval was because it
			A)	made benefits available to all elderly Americans, regardless of economic need.
			B)	strictly regulated the fee structure of doctors and hospitals.
			C)	established annual spending ceilings to be set by a panel of healthcare professionals and economists.
			D)	shifted responsibility for paying a large proportion of medical charges from the government to the patient.
			E)	it was labeled as "welfare."
6			The "centerpiece" of Lyndon B. Johnson's "war on poverty" was the
			A)	Department of Family Services, with an emphasis on social work.
			B)	Children's Relief Fund, with an emphasis on preschooling.
			C)	Office of Economic Opportunity, with an emphasis on community action.
			D)	Agency for Economic Advancement, with an emphasis on job training.
			E)	Medicare program.
7			Robert Weaver was significant as the
			A)	architect of the war on poverty.
			B)	leader of conservative opposition to the welfare state.
			C)	author of The Other America.
			D)	architect of Medicare.
			E)	the first African-American cabinet member.
8			The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
			A)	provided aid for public but not private or parochial schools.
			B)	led the movement toward federal control of schools.
			C)	based aid on the economic conditions of students rather than the needs of schools themselves.
			D)	led to a quadrupling of federal aid for education between 1964 and 1967.
			E)	provided aid for only parochial schools.
9			Sit-ins designed to desegregate lunch counters in the South were primarily staged by
			A)	black religious leaders.
			B)	black students.
			C)	black women.
			D)	white activists.
			E)	white students.
10			Civil rights activists traveled through the South on buses to protest segregation in seating on buses and in depots. These efforts were generally called
			A)	rolling sit-ins.
			B)	freedom rides.
			C)	Greyhound diplomacy.
			D)	marches on wheels.
			E)	freedom buses.
11			The Alabama police commissioner whose violence against civil rights protesters horrified the nation was
			A)	George Wallace.
			B)	Bull Connor.
			C)	Medgar Evers.
			D)	James Meredith.
			E)	Robert Weaver.
12			Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech
			A)	while he was in jail in Birmingham, Alabama.
			B)	on the river bridge on the edge of downtown Selma, Alabama.
			C)	at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.
			D)	in front of the Lincoln Memorial as part of a march on Washington.
			E)	during a march in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.
13			Which of the following best characterizes the level of violence associated with the civil rights activities in the South from 1960 to 1965?
			A)	There was virtually no violence, thanks mainly to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s passive-resistance philosophy.
			B)	White law enforcement officials beat demonstrators or condoned beatings on numerous occasions and several activists were murdered.
			C)	More radical black power advocates captured the movement and assassinated several white officeholders.
			D)	Major riots broke out in the larger southern cities when blacks were turned away from the polls.
			E)	Black leaders supported attacking white law enforcement.
14			Each of the following was part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act EXCEPT
			A)	prohibition of segregation in "public accommodations."
			B)	voting rights.
			C)	bans on employment discrimination.
			D)	an increase of the power of the federal government to file suits on behalf of school integration.
			E)	protection to African Americans.
15			Malcolm X was a leading member of the
			A)	Black Panthers.
			B)	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
			C)	Nation of Islam (Black Muslims).
			D)	Pan African Congress (PAC).
			E)	Freedom Summer.
16			In response to urban racial violence, in 1968 the Commission on Civil Disorders appointed by President Johnson recommended
			A)	massive spending on social problems in the ghettoes.
			B)	the elimination of state government involvement in welfare programs.
			C)	slowing the pace of racial change to allow the nation a "cooling-off" period.
			D)	a return to segregated housing patterns to lessen the emotional outbursts that sparked violence in mixed neighborhoods.
			E)	further racial segregation so violence could not be sparked.
17			The first major race riot of the mid-1960s occurred in the Watts section of what major city?
			A)	New York
			B)	Los Angeles
			C)	Detroit
			D)	Atlanta
			E)	Washington, DC
18			The most important and lasting impact of the black power movement was the
			A)	stress on the ideal of interracial cooperation rather than self-reliance.
			B)	unification of previously feuding black political groups.
			C)	instilling of racial pride and identity in black Americans.
			D)	reduced emphasis on the importance of African heritage and an emphasis on blacks' rightful place in American history.
			E)	gaining federal protection when African Americans voted.
19			John Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" was intended to provide
			A)	mutual reduction of missiles and warheads by the United States and the Soviet Union.
			B)	additional aid to the pro-American forces in South Vietnam.
			C)	young American volunteers to work in health and education facilities in developing nations.
			D)	better relations between the United States and the nations of Latin America.
			E)	increased spending for improvements in black ghettos.
20			In the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis,
			A)	Kennedy traveled to Moscow for his first meeting with the Soviet premier.
			B)	the Soviets ordered construction of the Berlin Wall to stop the exodus of East Germans.
			C)	a large CIA-trained army of anti-Castro Cubans unsuccessfully invaded the island.
			D)	both sides realized how close they had come to the brink; tensions eased somewhat, and a nuclear test ban treaty was signed.
			E)	Kennedy traveled to Vienna to begin meetings with Nikita Khrushchev.
21			Ngho Dinh Diem was probably an unfortunate choice as the basis of American hopes for creation of a viable noncommunist regime in the southern part of Vietnam because he
			A)	surrounded himself with corrupt advisors.
			B)	failed to attract the support of the upper class in Saigon.
			C)	was too willing to appease the Viet Cong.
			D)	persecuted the nation's Roman Catholics.
			E)	resisted serious political or economic reforms.
22			The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
			A)	aroused strong opposition and a lengthy debate in Congress before being narrowly passed.
			B)	limited President Johnson to a one-time retaliatory bombing strike on the northern part of Vietnam.
			C)	was claimed by President Johnson as legal authorization for the military escalation of the U.S. role in the conflict.
			D)	marked the beginning of significant international support for the American response to communist aggression in Indochina.
			E)	was Kennedy's effort to spark international support against communist aggression.
23			The American military forces in Vietnam seemed least capable of
			A)	winning a military victory in the major battles in which they became engaged.
			B)	removing the Viet Cong and their Vietnamese allies from the north from such strongholds as Khesahn.
			C)	sustaining a favorable "kill ratio."
			D)	pacifying a captured region by winning "the hearts and minds" of the Vietnamese people.
			E)	keeping up the status quo.
24			In the 1968 presidential election, George Wallace enjoyed an unusually high degree of support for a third-party candidate because he argued that
			A)	the United States should immediately end its military involvement in Vietnam.
			B)	the movement toward racial equality should be accelerated through "affirmative action" programs.
			C)	programs to alleviate poverty should be fully funded by Congress and that defense spending should be cut sharply to get the money.
			D)	busing of school children for racial integration, expanding government regulations and social programs, and soft treatment of rioters and demonstrators were destroying America.
			E)	the United States should become further involvement in Vietnam and the stopping the spread of communism on a global scale.

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