1 What is the purpose of surfactant in the respiratory system?A) To reduce surface tension in the alveoli B) To increase surface tension in the alveoli C) To reduce surface tension in the pleural cavity D) To increase surface tension in the pleural cavity 2 Primary cancers of the lung usually arise in theA) alveolar ducts B) pleural membranes C) epithelium of the bronchioles D) thoracic wall 3 The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly fromA) contraction of intercostal muscles B) elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall C) changes in the surface tension within the alveoli D) contraction of abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward 4 The air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet, resting respiratory cycle is called theA) tidal volume B) vital capacity C) total lung capacity D) functional residual capacity 5 The neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in theA) dorsal respiratory group B) ventral respiratory group C) pontine respiratory group D) midbrain respiratory cells 6 The respiratory areas respond mainly to concentrations ofA) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) hydroxyl groups D) bicarbonate 7 The inflation reflex is activated byA) stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli B) an increase in hydrogen ions C) a decrease in oxygen saturation D) a sudden fall in blood pressure 8 The walls of the alveoli are composed ofA) simple squamous epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) stratified squamous epithelium D) simple columnar epithelium 9 The most abundant gas in room (atmospheric) air isA) water vapor B) oxygen C) carbon dioxide D) nitrogen 10 Oxyhemoglobin forms whenA) oxygen levels in the tissue are low B) oxygen dissolves in the blood plasma C) oxygen binds to hemoglobin D) carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin 11 Choose the true statement regarding transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.A) Carbaminohemoglobin is found in the plasma. B) Conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions occurs primarily in the plasma. C) Most of the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma. D) Carbon dioxide can be carried by hemoglobin. 12 Nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increase the surface area of the nasal mucous membrane.A) True B) False 13 Moisture is removed from air as it moves through the nasal cavity.A) True B) False 14 The larynx conducts air in and out of the trachea, keeps foreign objects out of the trachea, and houses the vocal cords.A) True B) False 15 The glottis is a flap-like structure that closes the larynx.A) True B) False 16 As the branches of the bronchioles become smaller, there are fewer smooth muscle fibers in their walls.A) True B) False 17 The right and left lungs each have three lobes: an upper, middle, and lower lobe.A) True B) False 18 As the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity increases, and pressure within the cavity decreases.A) True B) False 19 Attraction of the pleural membranes to each other helps expand the lungs in all directions and maintain reduced pressure in the thorax compared to the atmosphere.A) True B) False 20 Both inspiration and expiration are normally active processes.A) True B) False 21 Contraction of the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles can squeeze higher than normal volumes of air from the lungs.A) True B) False 22 An increase in hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentration will cause the respiratory rate and tidal volume to increase.A) True B) False 23 Hyperventilation is safely used by swimmers to hold their breath while swimming.A) True B) False 24 Gases in the alveoli must cross two layers of epithelium and a layer of fused basement membrane to reach the blood.A) True B) False 25 There are two folds of muscle and connective tissue in the larynx called the vocal cords or vocal folds; the inferior pair are the true vocal cords involved in speech.A) True B) False 26 Less oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin in an acidic environment.A) True B) False 27 Carbon monoxide is toxic to the body because it forms a stable compound with hemoglobin.A) True B) False 28 Why is the cartilage of the trachea shaped like a C instead of an O?A) the aorta is directly behind it B) so when swallowing, the esophagus can expand behind it. C) C rings are more stable than O rings D) the inferior vena cava is directly behind it