1 A fibrous, flattened, sheet of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle is known asA) fascia B) an aponeurosis C) a tendon sheath D) a broad ligament 2 The connective tissue that surrounds entire muscles is (the)A) perimysium B) endomysium C) epimysium D) elastin 3 Choose the true statement regarding skeletal muscle cells.A) Another term for a skeletal muscle cell is muscle fiber. B) Each skeletal muscle cell has one nucleus and mitochondrion. C) The muscle cell membrane is called the sarcoplasm. D) Skeletal muscle cells never extend the full length of a muscle. 4 The light bands in skeletal muscle that contribute to its striated appearance are known asA) I bands B) Z bands C) H zones D) A bands 5 The sarcomere, the basic unit of skeletal muscle, extends fromA) A band to A band B) M line to M line C) H zone to H zone D) Z line to Z line 6 Which of the following is not found at the end of the motor axon at the neuromuscular junction?A) many nuclei B) synaptic vesicles C) abundant mitochondria D) a cleft between the end and the muscle fiber 7 When the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result isA) shortening of the muscle fiber B) creation of a high energy bond C) membrane polarization D) release of acetylcholine 8 ATPase is stored inA) the globular portion of the myosin filament B) the actin filament helix C) transverse tubules D) muscle cell cytoplasm 9 When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron,A) the number of synaptic vesicles increases B) muscle fibers stretch C) calcium ions move out of the cytoplasm of the neuron D) acetylcholine is released 10 Not using a muscle will result inA) hypertrophy B) atrophy C) dystrophy D) mystrophy 11 During high intensity exercise, muscle fibers rely upon what process for energy?A) aerobic respiration B) increased metabolism of glucose C) anaerobic respiration D) increased blood supply 12 Muscle fatigue may be caused by all of the following exceptA) lowering of pH due to lactic acid build-up B) interruption of blood supply C) formation of a cramp D) lack of acetylcholine 13 The force a muscle can generate in response to different levels of stimulation is mainly determined by theA) level of stimulation delivered to individual muscle fibers B) number of fibers that respond in each motor unit C) number of motor units receiving a threshold stimulus D) latent period 14 The result of summation and recruitment together isA) hypotonic contraction B) sustained tetanic contraction C) muscle tone D) muscle hypertrophy 15 Muscle tone refers toA) a state of sustained, partial contraction that certain muscles maintain, particularly the postural muscles B) a feeling of well-being following exercise C) the ability of a muscle to maintain contraction against an outside force D) the condition athletes attain after intensive training 16 Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscle cells?A) some are responsive to hormones B) contraction is triggered by an influx of calcium ions C) stimulation by acetylcholine or norepinephrine D) highly organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments 17 Peristalsis is due to which of the following characteristics of smooth muscle?A) excitability B) automaticity C) rhythmicity D) lack of innervation 18 The rapidity with which an impulse spreads in cardiac muscle is due toA) increased amounts of neurotransmitters B) the presence of striated muscle fibers C) intercalated disks between muscle fibers D) the property of excitability 19 Muscles that assist the prime mover in producing a movement are calledA) antagonists B) synergists C) potentiators D) agonists 20 Antagonistic musclesA) are always located on the same side of the body as the prime mover B) have different speeds and strengths of contraction C) produce extension rather than abduction D) perform movements opposite to those performed by the prime mover 21 Muscles that are involved in chewing are attached to theA) maxilla B) mandibular process of the temporal bone C) zygomatic bone D) mandible 22 The muscle that compresses the cheeks inward when it contracts is theA) orbicularis oris B) epicranius C) platysma D) buccinator 23 All of the following muscles flex the knee except theA) rectus femoris B) semitendinosus C) semimembranosus D) biceps femoris 24 The insertion of the sternocleidomastoid is theA) anterior surface of the sternum B) mastoid process of the temporal bone C) occipital bone D) spinous processes of the lower cervical vertebrae 25 The primary flexor of the forearm (at the elbow) is theA) internal oblique B) biceps brachii C) biceps femoris D) triceps brachii 26 The shoulder muscle that abducts the upper arm and can both flex and extend the humerus is theA) biceps brachii B) deltoid C) infraspinatus D) supraspinatus 27 Which muscle causes plantar flexion of the foot?A) fibularis longus B) fibularis tertius C) tibialis anterior D) extensor digitorum longus 28 When a skeletal muscle contracts, the insertion is pulled toward the origin.A) True B) False 29 Layers of connective tissue that extend into muscle and form compartments within the muscle are called fascicles.A) True B) False 30 During a tetanic contraction, all motor units in a muscle have been recruited.A) True B) False 31 It is possible for a skeletal muscle to be both synergist and antagonist to another muscle.A) True B) False 32 The sarcoplasmic reticulum is composed of invaginations of the muscle cell membrane that contain extracellular fluid.A) True B) False 33 The severity of muscle strain depends on the number of muscle fibers that are damaged.A) True B) False 34 A motor neuron connects to only a single muscle fiber.A) True B) False 35 During muscle contraction, the heads of myosin cross-bridges attach to actin binding sites and bend slightly, pulling the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.A) True B) False 36 An influx of potassium ions into the muscle fiber is responsible for cross-bridging of actin and myosin filaments.A) True B) False 37 Creatine phosphate stores energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP during muscle contraction.A) True B) False 38 Oxygen is stored in muscle tissue in molecules of hemoglobin located near mitochondria.A) True B) False 39 Oxygen debt is only the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid into glucose after strenuous exercise.A) True B) False 40 The insertion of the temporalis is the coracoid process of the mandible.A) True B) False 41 The psoas major and iliacus muscles flex the hip.A) True B) False