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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

Gene Function

Chapter Quiz


1	Who first described the “central dogma” that presents the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins?
		A)	Francis Jacob
		B)	Jacques Monod
		C)	Watson and Crick
		D)	Martha Chase


2	How does RNA differ from DNA?
		A)	RNA is single-stranded
		B)	RNA has uracil
		C)	RNA can be catalytic
		D)	All of these are correct.


3	The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called ___________.
		A)	replication
		B)	transcription
		C)	translation
		D)	translocation


4	The process of synthesizing proteins using a mRNA molecule is called ____________.
		A)	replication
		B)	transcription
		C)	translation
		D)	translocation


5	True or false. The process of transcription is only loosely regulated.
		A)	True
		B)	False


6	How does the lac operon turn genes on or off in bacteria?
		A)	The lac operon negatively controls transcription by removing a block.
		B)	The lac operon positively controls transcription by adding a block.
		C)	The lac operon initiates enzymatic activity only at certain times.
		D)	The lac operon activates the promoter.


7	True or false. Bacteria are the only organisms that employ operons to regulate transcription.
		A)	True
		B)	False


8	The group of proteins that aid in the initiation of transcription are called ____________.
		A)	RNA polymerase
		B)	transcription factors
		C)	nuclear matrix proteins
		D)	promoters


9	Like DNA replication, the first major step in transcription is _____________.
		A)	binding of the transcription factors
		B)	elongation
		C)	unwinding of the double helix
		D)	recognition of the promoter sites


10	True or false. For a given gene, RNA is transcribed from both strands of the double helix simultaneously.
		A)	True
		B)	False


11	If a DNA template strand has the sequence CTACCGTAC, what will be the transcribed mRNA sequence?
		A)	GAUGGCAUG
		B)	GATGGCATG
		C)	CGTATCCGT
		D)	AAGTTGCCA


12	The triplet of nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA is called a(n) ___________.
		A)	codon
		B)	anticodon
		C)	antiparallel triplet
		D)	repressor


13	To facilitate movement of mRNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, what is added to the 3’ end of mRNA?
		A)	a cap of modified nucleotides
		B)	modified tRNA molecules
		C)	ribosomes
		D)	a poly A tail


14	Parts of genes called __________ are transcribed into mRNA but are later removed.
		A)	exons
		B)	prions
		C)	introns
		D)	caps


15	How many RNA bases encode one amino acid?
		A)	2
		B)	3
		C)	6
		D)	9


16	Consider the following sequence of mRNA: AUGAAUCUUCACGGWhat is the corresponding sequence of amino acids, using Table 13.4 in your text as a guide?
		A)	arg-his-pho-stop-val
		B)	met-asn-leu-his-gly
		C)	stop-ilu-phe-thr-ala
		D)	glu-ser-ser-arg-ala


17	What is required for elongation to occur in translation?
		A)	completion of the initiation complex
		B)	attachment of fMET
		C)	attachment of the next amino acid
		D)	attachment of the large ribosomal subunit


18	________________ help(s) the protein fold correctly after elongation halts.
		A)	Chaperone proteins
		B)	The initiation complex
		C)	The “stop” codon
		D)	The large ribosomal subunit


19	If there is an error in the sequence of a gene, the error is called a(n) _______________.
		A)	mutation
		B)	missense
		C)	transversion
		D)	transition


20	Natural mutagens include ____________.
		A)	ultraviolet light
		B)	natural radiation from rocks
		C)	cosmic rays from outer space
		D)	All of these are correct.


21	A change from UAC (tyrosine) to UAA (“stop”) is an example of what type of mutation?
		A)	transition
		B)	missense
		C)	nonsense
		D)	spontaneous


22	The addition of one or two nucleotides in a DNA sequence, for example ATGGCT to ATGCCGCT, would cause a ___________ mutation.
		A)	point
		B)	frameshift
		C)	missense
		D)	nonsense

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