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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

The Evolution of Evolutionary Thought

Chapter Quiz


1	The differential survival of individuals with specific genotypes in response to environmental change is called ____________.
		A)	survival of the most fit
		B)	natural selection
		C)	artificial selection
		D)	evolution


2	Changes in individual allele frequencies in a population over time is best referred to as ____________.
		A)	evolution
		B)	macroevolution
		C)	microevolution
		D)	differential survival


3	What scientist of the late 1700’s to early 1800’s proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
		A)	Charles Darwin
		B)	Gregor Mendel
		C)	Jean Baptiste Lamarck
		D)	James hutton


4	James Hutton (1700’s) and Charles Lyell (early 1800’s) were both proponents of the idea of ____________, which suggested the continual remolding of the earth’s surface.
		A)	catastrophism
		B)	neptunism
		C)	principle of superposition
		D)	uniformitarianism


5	Who wrote the volumes entitled “Principles of Geology” that would later greatly influence the ideas of Charles Darwin?
		A)	Charles Bonnet
		B)	Charles Lyell
		C)	Georges Cuvier
		D)	William Smith


6	What was the name of the ship on which Darwin traveled around the world?
		A)	USS Invincible
		B)	HMS Beagle
		C)	Santa Maria
		D)	Pinta


7	The main core of Darwin’s ideas stated in “On the Origin of Species” is _____________.
		A)	convergent evolution
		B)	divergent evolution
		C)	natural selection
		D)	adaptive radiation


8	The process of ____________ occurs as unrelated species develop similar characteristics in response to similar environmental pressures.
		A)	divergent evolution
		B)	gene flow
		C)	convergent evolution
		D)	isolation


9	The island(s) on which Darwin gathered much evidence for his ideas was/were the __________.
		A)	Cape Verde Islands
		B)	Azores
		C)	Galapagos Islands
		D)	Easter Island


10	The term that is used to best describe inherited beneficial variation by populations over time is _________.
		A)	adaptive
		B)	convergent
		C)	divergent
		D)	deleterious


11	What naturalist made observations very similar to those of Darwin and shared those with Darwin prior to the publication of “On the Origin of Species”?
		A)	Charles Lyell
		B)	James Hutton
		C)	William Smith
		D)	Alfred Russell Wallace


12	True or false. Religious-based objections to the theory of evolution by natural selection mostly died out in the last century.
		A)	True
		B)	False


13	Natural selection is the process by which ___________.
		A)	advantageous traits are perpetuated in a population
		B)	deleterious traits are perpetuated in a population
		C)	advantageous traits are eliminated from a population
		D)	deleterious traits are eliminated from a population
		E)	Both a and b are correct.
		F)	Both a and d are correct.


14	True or false. Evolution is not purposeful but natural selection leads to perfection.
		A)	True
		B)	False


15	A type of natural selection that affects traits that increase an individual’s chance of reproducing is ___________.
		A)	random mating
		B)	nonrandom mating
		C)	sexual selection
		D)	directional selection


16	As a general rule, more offspring are produced than make it to adulthood. Darwin used this as a key idea in natural selection because ___________.
		A)	as an organism ages there is less opportunity for reproduction
		B)	young individuals are less susceptible to predation
		C)	with survival to adulthood, there is a greater chance for the individual to reproduce
		D)	reproduction consumes too much energy


17	True or false. A population may undergo sexual selection or natural selection, but not both at the same time.
		A)	True
		B)	False


18	True or false. Microevolutionary change can be seen in rapidly mutating infectious agents, such as the cold virus.
		A)	True
		B)	False


19	Which of these diseases has emerged as a threat during the past two decades?
		A)	toxic shock syndrome
		B)	Lyme disease
		C)	AIDS
		D)	All of these are correct.


20	The main factors that catapult an otherwise rare disease to epidemic proportions are often the result of ___________.
		A)	mutation
		B)	changing environment to increase the population of infectious agents
		C)	human activities and behavior
		D)	All of these are correct.


21	True or false. The increased rate at which many infectious agents are becoming resistant to antibiotics is compelling evidence for evolution.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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