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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

Speciation and Extinction

Chapter Quiz


1	What biologist coined the “biological species” concept?
		A)	Charles Darwin
		B)	Carl Linneaus
		C)	Ernst Mayr
		D)	W. K. Gregory


2	A _____________ is a group of ____________ whose members potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
		A)	community; populations
		B)	species; populations
		C)	population; breeds
		D)	species; communities


3	Evolutionary trees based on descent from shared ancestors are called ___________.
		A)	phylogenies
		B)	sequences
		C)	family trees
		D)	clades


4	True or false. Molecular data are not useful in confirming phylogenies.
		A)	True
		B)	False


5	When does speciation occur?
		A)	during ice ages
		B)	when the weather is the most favorable
		C)	when sexually reproducing members of a population can no longer produce fertile offspring with each other
		D)	All of these are correct.


6	Two populations exhibit ___________ isolation when they have different mating seasons.
		A)	ecological
		B)	behavioral
		C)	morphological
		D)	temporal


7	Weak or infertile offspring are likely the outcome of ___________ isolation due to the mating of two closely related species.
		A)	postzygotic reproductive
		B)	prezygotic reproductive
		C)	temporal
		D)	behavioral


8	In what type of speciation does a geographical barrier prevent breeding between two populations?
		A)	allopatric speciation
		B)	parapatric speciation
		C)	sympatric speciation


9	In _____________, ranges of two populations overlap, but there is little gene flow between the two populations.
		A)	allopatric speciation
		B)	parapatric speciation
		C)	sympatric speciation


10	_______________ occurs in a habitat shared by two species, and may result from different use of the environment or from a genetic change.
		A)	Allopatric speciation
		B)	Parapatric speciation
		C)	Sympatric speciation


11	True or false. It is generally fairly easy for most scientists to recognize whether speciation is occurring within a population.
		A)	True
		B)	False


12	What is the possible reason why transitional forms are relatively rare in the fossil record?
		A)	poor preservation
		B)	yet to be discovered
		C)	never existed
		D)	All of these are correct.


13	Who coined the phrase “punctuated equilibrium” to describe the pattern of rapid evolutionary change followed by long periods of no change?
		A)	Charles Darwin
		B)	George Gaylord Simpson
		C)	Gould and Eldridge
		D)	Ernst Mayr


14	True or false. The fossil record shows that both punctuated equilibrium and gradualism, along with variations in between, have occurred in different lines of descent.
		A)	True
		B)	False


15	___________________ occurs when several areas of new and diverse habitat open up to a species, such as would be the case if a small flock of birds was blown to a distant set of islands during a storm.
		A)	Coevolution
		B)	Microevolution
		C)	Adaptive radiation
		D)	Balanced polymorphism


16	A burst of speciation of North American songbirds was likely triggered by _______________.
		A)	glaciers that split ranges
		B)	global cooling before glaciation
		C)	absence of large predators
		D)	All of these are correct.


17	Which of these is a way in which a decrease in genetic diversity can lead to extinction of a species?
		A)	susceptibility to a new pathogen
		B)	inbreeding
		C)	deleterious recessive alleles
		D)	All of these are correct.


18	True or false. Mass extinctions open up vast new areas for speciation to occur.
		A)	True
		B)	False


19	Past mass extinctions have been caused by ____________.
		A)	meteor impact
		B)	drought
		C)	movements of land masses
		D)	All of these are correct.


20	True or false. Humans are currently playing a major role in the extinction of species.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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