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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

Viruses and Simple Infectious Agents

Chapter Quiz


1	The complete infectious viral particle that can exist outside a cell is called a(n) ____________.
		A)	icosahedron
		B)	capsid
		C)	prion
		D)	virion


2	What portion is not present in every type of virion?
		A)	nucleic acid
		B)	protein coat
		C)	capsid
		D)	outer envelope


3	What is the major criterion for classifying virions?
		A)	nature of viral genetic material
		B)	nature of the viral protein coat
		C)	route of entry into host
		D)	size and shape of viral capsid


4	What is the first step in virion invasion and takeover of a cell?
		A)	virion uncoating
		B)	shielding the receptor site
		C)	attachment and binding to a receptor
		D)	virus takes over host cell’s protein synthetic machinery


5	How do virions that infect animal cells manage to evade the host’s immune system?
		A)	inactivate macrophages
		B)	certain virion genes encode for proteins that help to evade the host’s immune system
		C)	carrying “self” surface markers of the host cell
		D)	glycoprotein capsule on the outside of the virus


6	What is the second stage of virion infection?
		A)	entry of virion genetic material into target cell
		B)	shielding the receptor site
		C)	attachment and binding to a receptor
		D)	virion takes over host cell’s protein synthetic machinery


7	What occurs during the final stage of virion infection of a cell?
		A)	virion uncoating
		B)	shielding the receptor site
		C)	attachment and binding to a receptor
		D)	virion takes over host cell’s protein synthetic machinery


8	True or false. The assembly of new virion particles always occurs immediately after entry of virion genetic material into the host cell.
		A)	True
		B)	False


9	True or false. Only a very small portion of the human population carries a latent virion.
		A)	True
		B)	False


10	True or false. HIV, the virion that causes AIDS, exhibits a unique variation of the lytic cycle.
		A)	True
		B)	False


11	True or false. For the most part, all types of organisms suffer from virion infection.
		A)	True
		B)	False


12	Part of the reason the Ebola virion is so insidious is because the _____________ is unknown.
		A)	host
		B)	reservoir
		C)	structure
		D)	All of these are correct.


13	Virions spread rapidly throughout plant tissues because they can easily cross ____________ to enter neighboring cells.
		A)	plasmodesmata
		B)	phloem
		C)	mesophyll cells
		D)	epidermis


14	What is generally true about a zoonosis?
		A)	rarely affects too many people
		B)	zoonotic event must recur for a new human case to arise
		C)	rarely transmitted by human-to-human contact
		D)	All of these are correct.


15	True or false. Immunodeficiency virions are known only to infect humans.
		A)	True
		B)	False


16	Why is it necessary for humans to be immunized for influenza on an annual basis?
		A)	the human immune response is active for a short duration only
		B)	flu virions undergo rapid mutation
		C)	virions are difficult to culture in the lab and do not survive longer than a year
		D)	vaccines are viable for less than a year


17	When did the human influenza virion arise?
		A)	4,500 years ago in China
		B)	in France in 1918
		C)	in Asia in 1957
		D)	in 1968 in Hong Kong


18	Highly wound, single strands of RNA lacking capsids that cause plant diseases are ___________.
		A)	viroids
		B)	virions
		C)	prions
		D)	retroviruses


19	What makes prion-caused diseases unique compared to virion-caused diseases?
		A)	prions are proteinaceous particles lacking RNA or DNA
		B)	the disorders may be contracted by eating infected tissue
		C)	the code for abnormal protein can be inherited
		D)	All of these are correct.


20	Bacteriophages are virions that infect ____________.
		A)	tobacco plants
		B)	plants in general
		C)	bacteria
		D)	animals

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