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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

Animalia I--Sponges Through Echinoderms

Testing Your Knowledge

1. Cite the taxonomic criteria used to distinguish each of the following:
a. animals from other organisms
b. protosomes from deuterostomes
c. a tapeworm from a nematode from an earthworm

2. Distinguish between or among the following:
a. radial, bilateral, and pentaradial symmetry
b. direct deveploment and metamorphosis
c. spiral and radial cleavage
d. determinate and indeterminate cleavage
e. biramous and uniramous appendages
f. diploblastic and triploblastic embryos
g. coelomate, acoelomate, and pseudocoelomate body forms

3. Identify an animal that has the following cell types:
a. cnidocytes
b. flame cells
c. choanocytes
4. Identify and animal that has the following tissues:
a. epidermis and gastrodermis
b. pseudocoel and hypodermis
c. hemolymph

5. On an episode of the television series The X-Files, two FBI agents chase a bizarre creature that has the form of a human but with a scolex atop its head. From what animal phylum did the writer get inspiration for including a scolex?

6. Compare how a sponge and a sea urchin feed.

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