Testing Your Knowledge

1. How does a homeothermic endotherm differ from a heterothermic ectotherm?

2. Cite three adaptations that help keep an animal’s feet warm.

3. Explain how a carotid rete cools a mammal’s brain.

4. How do humans and iguana lizards differ in body temperature regulation?

5. What are the three types of nitrogenous waste, and where does each come from?

6. Draw a nephron and label the parts. Indicate which regions of the renal tubule are specialized for each of the three processes that form urine.

7. How is urine concentrated?

8. What are some medical conditions that urinalysis might detect?

9. How do ADH and aldosterone control kidney function?

10. Why can’t you live without at least one kidney unless you undergo dialysis?

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