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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

How Cells Release Energy

Chapter Quiz


1	What is oxygen needed for aerobic cellular respiration?
		A)	Oxygen is the final acceptor of the moving electrons.
		B)	Oxygen is the “fuel” that is “burned” by cells.
		C)	Oxygen functions as a cofactor in several enzymatic reactions.
		D)	All of these are correct.


2	The process of respiration oxidizes glucose. What are the products of this reaction?
		A)	carbon dioxide
		B)	water
		C)	energy
		D)	All of these are correct.


3	True or false. Cellular respiration harvests energy all at once. The remaining steps are used to get rid of waste products.
		A)	True
		B)	False


4	True or false. The respiratory pathway always produces 36 net ATP.
		A)	True
		B)	False


5	When an enzyme transfers an inorganic phosphate to a second substrate, ____________ has taken place.
		A)	oxidative phosphorylation
		B)	substrate-level phosphorylation
		C)	mechanical phosphorylation
		D)	All of these are correct.


6	True or false. Most ATP in cellular respiration is formed in the electron transport chain by a process known as chemiosmotic phosphorylation.
		A)	True
		B)	False


7	The purpose of the first step of glycolysis is _____________.
		A)	to activate glucose
		B)	to decompose glucose
		C)	to cleave glucose in half
		D)	to extract the energy from glucose


8	Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA before it enters the Krebs cycle. During this chemical transformation ____________ is made and ____________ is given off.
		A)	NADH; CO2
		B)	PGAL; NAD+
		C)	CoA; ATP
		D)	ATP; O2


9	True or false. Citric acid is a four-carbon molecule.
		A)	True
		B)	False


10	Two energy intermediates are produced as products of the Krebs cycle. Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces 1 __________ and 3 ___________ molecules.
		A)	ATP; FADH2
		B)	FADH2; NADH
		C)	NADH; ATP
		D)	NADH; FADH2


11	The energy to drive ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis in the inner mitochondrion comes by forming a gradient of __________.
		A)	OH- ions
		B)	electrons
		C)	H+ ions
		D)	oxygen molecules


12	True or false. The insecticide 2, 4-D kills by blocking the proton gradient necessary to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion.
		A)	True
		B)	False


13	Approximately how efficient is aerobic respiration?
		A)	5-10%
		B)	30-35%
		C)	50-60%
		D)	70%


14	True or false. The respiratory pathway is regulated by negative feedback loops. The mechanism of feedback is allosteric.
		A)	True
		B)	False


15	Amino acids can be used to supply energy, but only when ______________.
		A)	they are in excess in the diet
		B)	ammonia is stripped from the amino groups
		C)	pyruvic acid is not already present
		D)	oxygen is limiting


16	True or false. Lipids can be broken down to enter the respiratory process. The glycerol portion of the triglycerides enters cellular respiration as acetyl CoA.
		A)	True
		B)	False


17	Which process in the respiratory pathway can take place in anaerobic situations?
		A)	fermentation, including glycolysis
		B)	acetyl CoA
		C)	Krebs cycle
		D)	electron transport chain


18	True or false. The alcohol in alcoholic beverages is produced during the process of alcoholic fermentation.
		A)	True
		B)	False


19	What process occurs in muscle cells that are deprived of oxygen during overly strenuous exercise?
		A)	alcoholic fermentation
		B)	lactic acid fermentation
		C)	aerobic respiration
		D)	protein synthesis


20	True or false. Stress and accumulation of lactic acid are not related.
		A)	True
		B)	False


21	The most ancient of the energy pathways is probably ____________.
		A)	aerobic respiration
		B)	fermentation
		C)	photosynthesis
		D)	glycolysis

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