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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

The Cell Cycle

Chapter Quiz


1	The type of programmed cell death that is a part is normal development is called ________________.
		A)	mitosis
		B)	apoptosis
		C)	cytokinesis
		D)	angiogenesis


2	Why must mitosis be so precise?
		A)	so differentiation does not occur
		B)	to coordinate cell death
		C)	so daughter cells have the identical genetic code as the parent cell
		D)	Mitosis is not a precise process.


3	How do cell division and programmed cell death interact?
		A)	Cell division occurs first, then programmed cell death, followed again by cell division and so forth.
		B)	Cell division resumes quickly before the last cell dies after programmed cell death.
		C)	Cell division and programmed cell death occur in balance so that a tissue does not shrink or grow too large.
		D)	None of these is correct.


4	Interphase is divided into three main phases. Which of the following is not associated with interphase?
		A)	G1 phase
		B)	G2 phase
		C)	synthesis
		D)	mitosis


5	True or False. The G1 phase has the most variable length of all phases in the cell cycle.
		A)	True
		B)	False


6	A cell can exit the cell cycle at G1 and enter Go. What term best describes the Go phase?
		A)	quiescent
		B)	DNA replication
		C)	synapsis
		D)	karyokinesis


7	What cell component is produced in large quantities during the G2 phase?
		A)	chromosomes
		B)	cell membranes
		C)	mitochondion
		D)	endoplasmic reticulum


8	What is responsible for the equal distribution of replicated chromosomes into each of two daughter cells?
		A)	mitotic spindle
		B)	random motion
		C)	centromeres
		D)	chromatids


9	One main occurrence during prophase is that the chromosomes ___________________.
		A)	align at the center of the cell
		B)	condense and become visible
		C)	separate at the centromere
		D)	begin to replicate


10	True or False. The nuclear envelope remains intact during mitosis.
		A)	True
		B)	False


11	The phase in which chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles is ___________.
		A)	prophase
		B)	anaphase
		C)	metaphase
		D)	telophase


12	When plant cells construct a new cell wall that separates two newly-formed cells, the first structure to form is the ______________.
		A)	cell plate
		B)	cleavage furrow
		C)	phragmoplast
		D)	centriole


13	Cytokinesis always follows shortly after karyokinesis.
		A)	True
		B)	False


14	A “checkpoint” that controls a cell’s fate during a specific point within the cell cycle is actually made up of ________________.
		A)	a group of interacting proteins
		B)	the mitotic spindle
		C)	telomeres
		D)	actin and tubulin


15	On average, how many times does an adult human cell divide?
		A)	35 to 63 times
		B)	14 to 29 times
		C)	50 times
		D)	70 times


16	In human and vertebrate cells, chromosomes _________________.
		A)	contain telomeres at their ends
		B)	lose 50 to 200 DNA nucleoides with each cell division
		C)	shorten each time the cell divides
		D)	All of these are correct.


17	Not all cells of humans lose telomeres continuously with each cell division.
		A)	True
		B)	False


18	Molecules that act locally to stimulate mitosis are called ______________.
		A)	growth factors
		B)	hormones
		C)	stimulants
		D)	kinases


19	Levels of ____________ fluctuate in the cell and form the checkpoint that operates in G1 to determine whether or not a cell divides, while _______________, always present in the cell, bind to cyclin molecules before cell division.
		A)	epidermal growth factor; necrosis factor
		B)	hormones; growth factors
		C)	cyclins; kinases
		D)	kinases; growth factors


20	Many tissues retain the ability to renew themselves and to repair damage because they contain a few ___________________.
		A)	stem cells
		B)	molecules of telomerase
		C)	static cell populations
		D)	None of these is correct.


21	Apoptosis begins when __________________.
		A)	the cell is injured
		B)	a “death receptor” on the cell membrane receives the signal to die
		C)	caspases become activated
		D)	killer enzymes tear up the cytoskeleton


22	What is the purpose of apoptosis?
		A)	to weed out cells that grow uncontrollably
		B)	to allow the immune system to distinguish self from non-self .
		C)	to function during development
		D)	All of these are correct


23	The term for a mass of cells growing out of control is ________________.
		A)	benign tumor
		B)	malignant tumor
		C)	metastasis
		D)	All of the above are correct.


24	The characteristics of cancer cells include
		A)	ability to produce signals to stimulate angiogenesis.
		B)	uncontrollable growth.
		C)	dedifferentiation.
		D)	All of the above are correct.


25	Inactivation of ________________ is one of the steps leading to the development of cancer.
		A)	tumor suppressor genes
		B)	oncogenes
		C)	growth factors
		D)	stem cells

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