![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/sites/dl/free/0070272352/title/fox_sm.jpg) Human Physiology, 7/e Stuart I Fox,
Pierce College
Chemical Composition of the Body
Chapter ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter,
students should be able to . . .
1.Describe the structure of an atom and define the terms atomic mass and atomic
number. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 2.Explain how covalent bonds are formed and distinguish between nonpolar and polar covalent
bonds. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 3.Describe the structure of an ion and explain how ionic bonds are formed. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 4.Describe the nature of hydrogen bonds and explain their significance. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 5.Describe the structure of a water molecule and explain why some compounds are hydrophilic
and others are hydrophobic. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 6.Define the terms acid and base and explain the meaning of the pH scale. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 7.Explain how the pH of the blood is stabilized by bicarbonate buffer, and define the
terms acidosis and alkalosis. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 8.Describe the different types of carbohydrates and give examples of each type. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 9.Describe the mechanisms and significance of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions
and explain their significance. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 10.State the common characteristics of lipids and describe the different categories
of lipids. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 11.Describe
how peptide bonds are formed and the different orders of protein structure. |
![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 12.List some of the functions of proteins and explain why proteins provide specificity
in their functions. |
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