 |
1 | |
It is not the presence of two X chromosomes, but the lack of a Y chromosome, that directs all XX embryos to become female. (p. 636) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Even though diploid cells of a female have two X chromosomes, only one of each pair is active while the other X chromosome forms an inactive "heterochromatin" clump. (p. 637) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
A female fetus develops ovarian follicles earlier in embryonic development than a male fetus develops seminiferous tubules (that appear between days 43 and 50 following conception).(p. 638) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
Testes and ovaries are not functional until puberty. (p. 638) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Fetal development of the female reproductive system is due to the lack of testes rather than to the presence of ovaries. (p. 638) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
A person is not considered a true hermaphrodite unless both ovarian and testicular tissues are present in the body. (p. 641) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
The gonads of boys and girls are incapable of producing sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol) from birth until puberty. (p. 644) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
The gonadotropic hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate the menstrual cycle of females and are not, therefore, active in males. (p. 642) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
In the absence of the two gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH), the testes or ovaries become very large and secrete high levels of sex steroids. This is probably due to a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. (p. 643) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
During the later stages of puberty, the gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH) are secreted mainly when the individual is asleep. (p. 644) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
A slim girl active in gymnastics and dance typically will begin menstruating at an earlier age than less active or overweight girls. (p. 644) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
In the male, LH stimulates the synthesis and release of testosterone mainly by the Sertoli cells of the testes. (p. 648) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
In the male, only the interstitial Leydig cells of the testes display the receptors for LH. (p. 648) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) creates conditions in both males and females that cause the inhibition of its own secretion by triggering negative feedback mechanisms. (p. 663) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Estradiol-17β, a powerful estrogenic hormone made by the ovaries in females, can also be produced by the male brain from testosterone. (p. 648) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Testosterone secretion declines in men over 50 due to declining levels of gonadotropin (especially LH) secretion from the hypothalamus. (p. 646) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
After spermatids are formed, there are no further cell divisions in the process of spermatogenesis. (p. 649) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Nothing in the blood stream of the male can get to the germinal cells of the testes, such as the spermatogonia, without first passing through the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells. (p. 650) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Sperm migrate from the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis portion of the testes with the aid of the whiplike beating of their tails. (p. 651) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
The epididymis stores semen in its final form until the time of ejaculation. (p. 651) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
The forcible expulsion of semen from the urethra and out of the penis is called emission. (p. 653) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
In the male, erection is controlled by the parasympathetic division and ejaculation is controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.( p. 653) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Most of the volume of the semen is occupied by the presence of sperm cells. (p. 655) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
New techniques of microsurgery have now made the vasectomy, as a means of contraception, virtually 100% reversible. (p. 655) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
A girl has more future egg cells in her ovaries at the time of puberty than at birth. (p. 657) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
When compared to a primary follicle, the secondary follicle is distinguished by the presence of one or more fluid-filled cavities called vesicles, and by being larger in size. (p. 658) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
An ovum never finishes the process of meiosis until it is fertilized by sperm. (p. 659) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
During oogenesis, the polar bodies produced by the unequal meiotic divisions become important structures involved in the formation of the placenta and fetal membranes. (p. 658) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The graafian follicle quickly disintegrates after the egg cell is released during ovulation. (p. 660) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates within a couple of weeks and becomes a corpus spongiosum. (p. 660) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Secretion of the gonadotropins (FSH and LH) is under the control of a single hormone, GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) and therefore, FSH and LH concentrations in the plasma rise and fall in synchrony throughout the menstrual cycle. (p. 662) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
During the menstrual cycle, estradiol is secreted primarily by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland under the influence of a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. (p. 665) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
As the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle progresses, the plasma levels of FSH from the anterior pituitary rise steadily, exerting an increasing stimulatory effect on the ovarian follicles (p. 664) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Toward the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle FSH and estradiol stimulate the ovarian follicles, resulting in an increase in the numbers of FSH and LH receptors and an increase in the sensitivity of follicles to FSH - all in preparation for ovulation. (p. 664) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
By means of the positive feedback effect of estradiol on LH secretion, the graafian follicle basically controls the timing of its own ovulation. (p. 664) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
The granulosa cells of an ovarian follicle secrete progesterone up to the time of ovulation, but not after that. (p. 664) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Gonadotropin levels are kept artificially low in women who use oral contraceptive pills. (p. 666) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Oral contraceptive pills prevent a woman from ovulating or menstruating. (p. 666) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
The rhythm method of birth control is useful for increasing the chance of conception in couples who want to have a child, but is not very reliable for preventing conception in couples who do not want a pregnancy.(p. 666) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
Sperm are at the peak of their fertility when freshly ejaculated such that their ability to fertilize an ovum declines sharply within three to four hours. (p. 668) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential throughout the pregnancy to maintain the pregnancy and prevent miscarriage. (p. 672) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
The placenta eventually replaces the corpus luteum as the primary source of sex steroids during the course of a pregnancy. (p. 676) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
The uterus itself produces hormones and other chemical agents that help stimulate smooth muscle contractions during labor. (p. 677) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
Oxytocin, a polypeptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and secreted from the posterior pituitary, plays a role in both childbirth and in breast-feeding (lactation). (p. 680) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
Breast-feeding has some degree of contraceptive effect, especially in well-nourished women such as those from industrialized nations, by inhibiting the secretion of the gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. (p. 680) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education