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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
Introduction to the Human Body

Study Outline

  1. Anatomy
  2. Physiology
  3. Structural and Functional Organization - Levels of Study (Fig. 1.1, p. 3 )
    1. Chemical
    2. Organelle
    3. Cell
    4. Tissue
    5. Organ
    6. Organ system(Fig. 1.2, p. 4-6)
    7. Organism
  4. Characteristics of Life
    1. Organization
    2. Metabolism
    3. Responsiveness
    4. Growth
    5. Differentiation
    6. Reproduction
  5. Homeostasis(Fig. 1.3, p. 7)
    1. Negative-feedback mechanisms(Fig. 1.4, p. 8)
    2. Positive-feedback responses(Fig. 1.5, p. 9)
  6. Terminology and the Body Plan
    1. The Anatomical Position
    2. Directional terms (Table 1.1, Fig. 1.6 p. 10)
      1. Superior and inferior
      2. Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)
      3. Proximal and distal
      4. Medial and lateral
      5. Superficial and deep
    3. Planes of section of the body(Fig. 1.7, p. 11)
      1. Sagittal and midsagittal sections
      2. Transverse section
      3. Frontal or coronal section
    4. Planes of section of an organ(Fig. 1.8, p. 12)
      1. Longitudinal sections (sagittal or frontal)
      2. Transverse section
      3. Oblique section
    5. Body regions(Fig. 1.9, p. 13)
      1. Head
      2. Neck
      3. Trunk
        1. Thorax
        2. Abdomen (quadrants or regions)(Fig 1.10, p. 14)
        3. Pelvis
      4. Limbs
    6. Body cavities(Fig. 1.11, p.14)
      1. Thoracic Cavity and Mediastinum
      2. Abdominal cavity
      3. Pelvic cavity
    7. Serous membranes and serous fluid(Figs. 1.12, 1.13, p. 15)
      1. Parietal and visceral pericardium
      2. Parietal and visceral pleura
      3. Parietal and visceral peritoneum
      4. Mesenteries
      5. Retroperitoneal organs








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