McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Essential Study Partner
GetBodySmart
BioCourse.com
Human Body Case Studies
Animation Activities
Laboratory Exercises
Course Tools
Medical Term Combining Forms
Study Skills
Career Information
Feedback Multiple Choice Quiz
Study Outline
Student Study Guide
Labeling Exercises
Crossword Puzzle
Flashcards
Concentration
Internet Activities
Chapter Weblinks
Feedback
Help Center


Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
Blood Vessels and Circulation

Study Outline

  1. Functions of the Peripheral Circulation
    1. Carry blood
    2. Exchange nutrients and gas
    3. Transport hormones
    4. Regulate blood pressureClinical Focus: Circulatory Shockp. 369
    5. Direct blood flow
  2. General Features of Blood Vessel Structure
    1. Vessel walls(Fig. 13.1, p. 343)
      1. Tunica intima
      2. Tunica media
      3. Tunica adventitia (externa)
    2. Types of vessels
      1. Systemic v. Pulmonary vessels
      2. Arteries(Fig. 13.1, p. 343)
        1. Elastic arteries and elastic recoil
        2. Muscular arteries
          1. Distributing (medium-sized) arteries(Fig. 13.2, p. 344)
          2. Small diameter arteries
          3. Vasoconstriction
        3. Arterioles(Fig. 13.1, p. 343)
      3. Capillaries(Fig. 13.3, 13.4, p. 344)
      4. Veins(Fig. 13.1, p. 343)
        1. Venules and small veins
        2. Medium-sized veins
        3. Large veins
        4. Valves
    3. Aging of arteries
      1. Arteriosclerosis
      2. Atherosclerosis(Fig. 13.5, p. 345)
  3. Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation(Fig. 13.6, p. 346)
    1. Pulmonary trunk & arteries from Rt. ventricle
    2. Pulmonary veins to Lft. atrium
  4. Blood Vessels of the Systemic Circulation: Arteries(Fig. 13.6, p. 346, Fig. 13.7, p. 347)
    1. Aorta(Fig. 13.8, p. 348)
      1. Ascending aorta and coronary arteries
      2. Aortic arch
      3. Descending aorta
        1. Thoracic aorta
        2. Abdominal aorta
        3. Termination in common iliac arteries
    2. Arteries of the head and neck(Fig. 13.9, p. 349, Tbl. 13.1, p. 350)
      1. Brachiocephalic artery
        1. Right common carotid artery
          1. Right internal carotid artery
          2. Right external carotid artery
        2. Right subclavian artery
          1. Right vertebral artery
      2. Left common carotid artery
        1. Left internal carotid artery
        2. Left external carotid artery
      3. Left subclavian artery
        1. Left vertebral artery
    3. Arteries supplying the brain (Fig. 13.9, p. 349, Tbl. 13.1, p. 350)
      1. Internal carotid arteries
      2. Vertebral arteries
      3. Circle of Willis
    4. Arteries of the upper limbs (Fig. 13.7, p. 347, Tbl. 13.1, p. 350)
      1. Subclavian arteries
      2. Axillary arteries
      3. Brachial arteries
      4. Radial and ulnar arteries
    5. Branches of the thoracic aorta(Fig. 13.8, p. 348)
      1. Visceral arteries
      2. Parietal arteries
    6. Branches of the abdominal aorta (Fig. 13.8, p. 348, Tbl. 13.1, p. 350)
      1. Unpaired
        1. Celiac artery
        2. Superior mesenteric artery
        3. Inferior mesenteric artery
      2. Paired visceral branches
        1. Renal arteries
        2. Suprarenal arteries
        3. Testicular (or ovarian) arteries
      3. Parietal branches
        1. Inferior phrenic arteries
        2. Lumbar arteries
        3. Medial sacral artery
    7. Arteries of the pelvis (Fig. 13.7, p. 347, Tbl. 13.1, p. 350)
      1. Common iliac arteries
        1. External iliac arteries
        2. Internal iliac arteries
    8. Arteries of the lower limbs(Fig. 13.7, p. 347)
      1. External iliac arteries
        1. Femoral arteries
        2. Popliteal arteries
          1. Anterior tibial artery
          2. Posterior tibial artery
          3. Dorsalis pedis
  5. Systemic Circulation-Veins(Fig. 13.10, p. 352)
    1. Veins of the head and neck - to sup. vena cava(Fig. 13.11, p. 353)
      1. External jugular veins
      2. Internal jugular veins
      3. Subclavian veins
      4. Brachiocephalic veins
    2. Veins of the upper limbs - to sup. vena cava(Fig. 13.10, p. 352)
      1. Deep veins
        1. Brachial veins
        2. Axillary veins
      2. Superficial veins
        1. Cephalic veins
        2. Basilic veins
        3. Median cubital veins
        4. Axillary veins
    3. Veins of the thorax - to sup. vena cava(Fig. 13.12, p. 354)
      1. Brachiocephalic veins
      2. Azygos vein
      3. Hemiazygos vein
    4. Veins of the abdomen and pelvis - to inf. vena cava (Fig. 13.10, p. 352, Tbl. 13.2, p. 354)
      1. Abdomen
        1. Renal, suprarenal, & gonadal veins
        2. Hepatic portal system (Fig. 13.13, p. 355, Tbl. 13.3, p. 356)
      2. Pelvis
        1. External iliac veins
        2. Internal iliac veins
        3. Common iliac veins
    5. Veins of the lower limbs - to inf. vena cava(Fig. 13.10, p. 352)
      1. Great saphenous veins
      2. Small saphenous veins
      3. Popliteal veins
      4. Femoral veins
      5. External iliac veins
  6. The Physiology of Circulation
    1. Blood pressure(Table 13.4, p. 358)
      1. Auscultatory method of BP determination(Fig. 13.14, p. 357)
        1. Sphygmomanometer
        2. Korotkoff sounds
      2. Systolic pressure
      3. Diastolic pressure
      4. Variation in different vessels(Fig. 13.15, p. 359)
    2. Pressure and resistance
      1. Vasoconstriction increases resistance
      2. Vasodilation decreases resistance
    3. Pulse pressure and pulse points(Fig. 13.16, p. 359)
    4. Capillary exchange(Fig. 13.17, p. 360)
  7. Control of Blood Flow in Tissues(Table 13.5, p. 362)
    1. Local control-precapillary sphincters(Fig. 13.18, p. 361)
    2. Nervous control of blood vessels(Fig. 13.19, p. 361)
  8. Regulation of Arterial Pressure
    1. Peripheral resistance X cardiac output
    2. Baroreceptor reflexes(Fig. 13.20, p. 363, Fig. 13.21, 364)
    3. Chemoreceptor reflexes(Fig. 13.22, p. 365)
    4. Hormonal mechanisms
      1. Adrenal medullary mechanism(Fig. 13.23, p. 366)
      2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism(Fig. 13.24, p. 366)
      3. Vasopressin mechanism(Fig. 13.25, p. 367)
      4. Atrial natriuretic mechanism
    5. Short-term regulation
    6. Long-term regulation(Fig. 13.26, p. 368)








Copyright2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.