McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Essential Study Partner
GetBodySmart
BioCourse.com
Human Body Case Studies
Animation Activities
Laboratory Exercises
Course Tools
Medical Term Combining Forms
Study Skills
Career Information
Feedback Multiple Choice Quiz
Study Outline
Student Study Guide
Labeling Exercises
Crossword Puzzle
Flashcards
Concentration
Case Studies
Internet Activities
Chapter Weblinks
Feedback
Help Center


Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
The Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Study Outline

  1. Functions of the Urinary System Clinical Focus: Disorders of the Urinary System
    1. Excretion p. 512-13
    2. Blood volume control
    3. Ion concentration regulation
    4. pH regulation
    5. Red blood cell concentration
    6. Vitamin D synthesis
  2. Urinary System(Fig. 18.1, p. 485, Fig. 18.2, p. 489)
    1. Kidneys(Fig. 18.3, p. 490)
      1. Renal capsule
      2. Hilum of the kidney and renal sinus
      3. Renal cortex and renal medulla
      4. Renal pyramids and the calyces
      5. Renal pelvis
      6. The ureter
    2. The nephron(Fig. 18.4, p. 491)
      1. Renal corpuscle(Fig. 18.5, p. 492)
        1. Glomerulus
        2. Bowman's capsule
        3. Filtration membrane
          1. Fenestrated capillaries
          2. Podocytes
      2. Proximal tubule
      3. Loop of Henle (nephronic loop)
        1. Descending limb
        2. Ascending limb
      4. Distal tubule
      5. Collecting ducts
    3. Arteries and veins(Fig. 18.6, p. 493)
      1. Renal arteries and veins
      2. Interlobar arteries and veins
      3. Arcuate arteries and veins
      4. Interlobular arteries and veins
      5. Afferent arterioles
      6. Efferent arterioles
      7. Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
      8. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
    4. Ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra(Fig. 18.7, p. 494)
      1. Trigone of bladder and urethra
      2. Urinary sphincters
        1. Internal urinary sphincter -smooth muscle
        2. External urinary sphincter -skeletal muscle
        3. Differences between the sexes
  3. Urine Production (Fig. 18.8 and Tbl. 18.1, p. 487 )
    1. Filtration
      1. Filtration membrane
      2. Filtrate
      3. Filtration pressure(Fig. 18.9, p. 496)
    2. Reabsorption
      1. Water(Fig. 18.10, p. 497)
      2. Proximal tubules(Fig. 18.11, p. 498)
      3. Descending limb of loop of Henle(Fig. 18.12, p. 499)
      4. Ascending limb of loop of Henle(Fig. 18.13, p. 499)
      5. Distal tubules and collecting ducts(Fig. 18.14, p. 500)
    3. Secretion
  4. Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume(Fig. 18.16, p. 502)
    1. Hormonal mechanisms
      1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)(Fig. 18.15, p. 501)
      2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
        1. Renin & juxtaglomerular complex
        2. Angiotensin I and II
        3. Aldosterone
      3. Atrial natriuretic hormone
    2. Effect of Sympathetic Innervation on Kidney Function
  5. Urine Movement-Micturition Reflex(Fig. 18.17, p. 505)
  6. Body Fluid Compartments (Table 18.2, p. 505)
    1. Comparison of fluids in each compartment
    2. Exchange between body fluid compartments
  7. Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Composition
    1. Thirst
    2. Ions
      1. Sodium ions(Fig. 18.18, p. 507)
      2. Potassium ions(Fig. 18.19, p. 508)
      3. Calcium ions(Fig. 18.20, p. 509)
      4. Phosphate and sulfate ions
  8. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance(Fig. 18.21, p. 511)
    1. Buffers
      1. Proteins
      2. Phosphates
      3. Bicarbonate
    2. Respiratory system
    3. Kidneys
      1. Metabolic
      2. Respiratory
    4. Alkalosis
      1. Metabolic
      2. Respiratory
  9. Systems Pathology -Acute Renal FailureSystems Interaction Table p. 515








Copyright2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.