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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
Tissues, Glands, and Membranes

Study Outline

  1. Epithelial Tissue
    1. Functions of Epithelia
      1. Protecting underlying structures
      2. Acting as barriers
      3. Permitting the passage of substances
      4. Secreting substances
      5. Absorbing substances
    2. General characteristics(Fig. 4.1, p. 72)
    3. Classification(Table 4.1, p. 73)
      1. Simple squamous epithelium(Fig. 4.2A, p. 73)
      2. Simple cuboidal epithelium(Fig. 4.2B, p. 74)
      3. Simple columnar epithelium(Fig. 4.2C, p. 74)
      4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium(Fig. 4.2D, p. 75)
      5. Stratified squamous epithelium(Fig. 4.2E, p. 75)
      6. Transitional epithelium(Fig. 4.2F, p. 76)
    4. Structural and Functional Relationships
      1. Cell Layers and Cell Shapes
        1. Stratified-protective
        2. Simple-diffusion, filtration, secretion, absorption
        3. Thin, flat-diffusion
        4. Cuboidal and columnar-secretion and absorption
      2. Free Cell Surfaces
        1. Smooth
        2. Microvilli
        3. Cilia and
        4. Goblet cells
      3. Cell Connections(Fig. 4.3, p. 77)
        1. Tight junctions
        2. Desmosomes
        3. Gap junctions
    5. Glands
      1. Exocrine glands(Fig. 4.4, p. 78)
        1. Unicellular gland
        2. Simple straight tubular gland
        3. Simple coiled tubular gland
        4. Simple acinar or alveolar gland
        5. Simple branched acinar
        6. Compound tubular gland
        7. Compound acinar or alveolar gland
      2. Endocrine glands
  2. Connective Tissue
    1. General Characteristics(Table 4.2, p. 79)
      1. Extracellular matrix
        1. Protein fibers
          1. Collagen fibers
          2. Reticular fibers
          3. Elastic fibers
        2. Ground substance-proteoglycans
        3. Fluid
      2. Cell functions
        1. Blast cells
        2. Cyte cells
        3. Clast cells
        4. Macrophages and mast cells
    2. Functions of Connective Tissue
      1. Enclosing and separating
      2. Connecting tissues to one another
      3. Supporting and moving
      4. Storing
      5. Cushioning and insulating
      6. Transporting
      7. Protecting
    3. Classification(Table 4.2, p. 80)
      1. Matrix with Protein Fibers as the Primary Feature
        1. Dense connective tissue
          1. Collagenous connective tissue(Fig. 4.5A, p. 80)
          2. Elastic connective tissue
        2. Loose or areolar connective tissue(Fig. 4.5B, p. 81)
        3. Special - Adipose tissue (fat)(Fig. 4.5C, p. 81)
      2. Matrix with both Protein Fibers and Ground Substance
        1. Cartilage(Fig. 4.5D, p. 82)
          1. Hyaline cartilage(Fig. 4.5E, p. 82)
          2. Fibrocartilage(Fig. 4.5F, p. 83)
          3. Elastic cartilage(Fig. 4.5G, p. 83)
        2. Bone
          1. Compact bone(Fig. 4.5H, p. 84)
        3. Cancellous bone
          1. Fluid Matrix - Blood(Fig. 4.5I, p. 84)
  3. Muscle Tissue
    1. Muscle cells (fibers) have contraction capability
    2. Three types
      1. Skeletal muscle(Fig. 4.6A, p. 85)
      2. Cardiac muscle(Fig. 4.6B, p. 86)
      3. Smooth muscle(Fig. 4.6C, p. 86)
  4. Nervous Tissue(Fig. 4.7, p. 87)
    1. Neuron or nerve cell
    2. Neuroglia
  5. Membranes
    1. Mucous membranes
    2. Serous membranes (Fig. 1.12, 1-13, p. 15)
      1. Pleural membranes-pleurisy
      2. Pericardial membranes-pericarditis
      3. Peritoneal membranes-peritonitis
    3. Other membranes
      1. Cutaneous membrane
      2. Synovial membrane
      3. Periosteum
  6. Inflammation(Fig. 4.8, p. 89)
    1. Symptoms
      1. Redness
      2. Heat
      3. Swelling
      4. Pain
      5. Disturbance of function
    2. Mechanisms
      1. Mediators of inflammation
      2. Edema
      3. Neutrophils and pus
  7. Tissue Repair(Fig. 4.9, p. 90)
    1. Processes
      1. Regeneration
      2. Replacement
    2. Cell types
      1. Labile cells
      2. Stable cells
      3. Permanent cells
    3. Granulation tissue and wound contracture
  8. Systems Pathology - Cancer: Malignanat MelanomaSystems Interactions Table, p.92








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