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| 1 | |
Compared to the time that Freud and Jung studied mid-life transitions, around 1900, and now, the boundaries of middle age have: |
| | A) | moved downward. |
| | B) | moved upward. |
| | C) | become relatively indistinct. |
| | D) | stayed the same, but apply to more people. |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT a noticeable, visible sign of aging? |
| | A) | the skin begins to wrinkle and sag |
| | B) | small, localized areas of pigmentation in the skin produce aging spots |
| | C) | hair becomes thinner and grayer |
| | D) | fingernails and toenails become thinner |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is most accurate concerning perceptions of gender differences in aging? |
| | A) | Some aspects of aging in middle adulthood are taken as signs of attractiveness in men, but similar signs may be perceived as unattractive in women. |
| | B) | Some aspects of aging in middle adulthood are taken as signs of attractiveness in women, but similar signs may be perceived as unattractive in men. |
| | C) | Signs of aging in men and women are perceived as unattractive in our culture. |
| | D) | Signs of aging in men and women typically elicit greater respect from people in our culture. |
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| 4 | |
What changes are noticed in an adult's height as that person ages? |
| | A) | It increases. |
| | B) | It decreases. |
| | C) | Unless there is illness, there is no noticeable change. |
| | D) | The findings are contradictory--some people get taller, others get shorter. |
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| 5 | |
Obesity has been linked to: |
| | A) | hypertension and digestive disorders. |
| | B) | cancer. |
| | C) | early visible signs of aging. |
| | D) | prostate disorders in men. |
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| 6 | |
A person between the ages of 40 and 59 is going to have most difficulty: |
| | A) | reading a wall chart at the eye-care professional's office. |
| | B) | reading street signs. |
| | C) | reading a newspaper. |
| | D) | watching television at a distance. |
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| 7 | |
Considering normal aging processes, whose blood pressure would be expected to be highest? |
| | A) | Sally, a 60-year-old woman who is post-menopausal |
| | B) | Cindy, a 40-year-old woman who is pre-menopausal |
| | C) | Carl, a 60-year-old male whose prostate was removed |
| | D) | Sam, a 40-year-old man whose prostate is still intact |
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| 8 | |
In the Ni-Hon-San Study of Japanese men, those living in __________ had the highest rate of coronary heart disease. |
| | A) | Hiroshima |
| | B) | Nagasaki |
| | C) | Honolulu |
| | D) | San Francisco |
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| 9 | |
Japanese men living in California have much lower rates of cerebrovascular disease (stroke) than Japanese men living in Japan, because: |
| | A) | the diets of those living in California are more well-rounded. |
| | B) | the Japanese men living in California have a more relaxed lifestyle. |
| | C) | businessmen in Japan tend to drink a lot of alcohol and to chain-smoke. |
| | D) | of the residual effects from the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. |
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| 10 | |
Which factor of the Type A personality is most related to coronary heart disease? |
| | A) | excessive competition |
| | B) | being hard-driven |
| | C) | impatience |
| | D) | hostility |
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| 11 | |
Marjorie is controlled, committed, and sees problems as challenges. She will most likely: |
| | A) | remain healthy. |
| | B) | develop heart disease. |
| | C) | develop breast cancer. |
| | D) | develop ulcers. |
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| 12 | |
The main cause of death for individuals in middle adulthood is: |
| | A) | heart disease. |
| | B) | diabetes. |
| | C) | cancer. |
| | D) | cerebrovascular disease |
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| 13 | |
What is the basis of erroneous beliefs about menopause? |
| | A) | A majority of women experience them. |
| | B) | The beliefs conform well with gender-typed beliefs about middle-age women. |
| | C) | The research is based on small, select samples of women. |
| | D) | Drug companies promote them to sell their products. |
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| 14 | |
The American Geriatric Association recommends that: |
| | A) | post-menopausal women should actively participate in decision making about hormone replacement therapy. |
| | B) | women who have had hysterectomies should avoid estrogen replacement therapy. |
| | C) | the benefits of hormone replacement therapy outweigh the risks in women who are at increased risk for breast cancer. |
| | D) | women need to rely heavily on their doctor's advice when deciding whether they should use hormone replacement therapy. |
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| 15 | |
What type of changes do middle-aged men experience? |
| | A) | loss of their capacity to father children |
| | B) | modest increase in sexual activity |
| | C) | psychological adjustment to declining physical energy |
| | D) | a dramatic drop in testosterone levels |
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| 16 | |
When compared to that in early adulthood, sexual activity during middle adulthood is: |
| | A) | more frequent. |
| | B) | less frequent. |
| | C) | about the same. |
| | D) | more dependent on physical activity. |
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| 17 | |
According to John Horn, in middle age: |
| | A) | crystallized intelligence increases, while fluid intelligence begins to decline. |
| | B) | fluid intelligence increases, while crystallized intelligence begins to decline. |
| | C) | both crystallized and fluid intelligence increase. |
| | D) | both crystallized and fluid intelligence begin to decline. |
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| 18 | |
Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study have shown that the highest level of functioning for four of the six intellectual abilities tested occurred in: |
| | A) | late adolescence. |
| | B) | early adulthood. |
| | C) | middle adulthood. |
| | D) | late adulthood. |
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| 19 | |
A review of research methods that assess changes in the adult years suggests that: |
| | A) | longitudinal and cross-sectional studies produce similar results. |
| | B) | longitudinal studies are more likely than cross-sectional studies to show declining abilities with age. |
| | C) | cross-sectional studies are more likely than longitudinal studies to show declining abilities with age. |
| | D) | some abilities seem to show a decline in cross-sectional studies, while others show a decline using longitudinal studies. |
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| 20 | |
Memory decline is more likely to occur when individuals: |
| | A) | must remember numbers. |
| | B) | try too hard to organize it in their minds. |
| | C) | don't use effective memory strategies. |
| | D) | enter middle adulthood. |
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| 21 | |
We could distinguish Stephen, an expert chess player, from Darrell, who is a novice, because Darrell is more likely than Stephen to ____________ when determining his moves. |
| | A) | use his accumulated experience |
| | B) | process information automatically |
| | C) | have better strategies and short-cuts |
| | D) | use set patterns |
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| 22 | |
Job satisfaction increases with age for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: |
| | A) | higher pay. |
| | B) | job security. |
| | C) | higher positions within the company. |
| | D) | less need for intense commitment. |
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| 23 | |
The current middle-aged worker faces all of the following challenges EXCEPT: |
| | A) | globalization of work. |
| | B) | rapid developments in information technologies. |
| | C) | restructuring and privatization of organizations. |
| | D) | late retirement. |
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| 24 | |
Leisure is particularly important during middle adulthood because it: |
| | A) | improves the nation's economy. |
| | B) | helps adults narrow their interests. |
| | C) | eases the transition from work to retirement. |
| | D) | gives grandparents something to talk about with their grandchildren. |
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| 25 | |
The percentage of Canadians who believe in God is __________ the percentage who attend religious services. |
| | A) | less than |
| | B) | greater than |
| | C) | equal to |
| | D) | changing in comparison to |
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| 26 | |
While North Americans generally show a strong interest in religion and believe in God, they also reveal: |
| | A) | less commitment to particular religious denominations. |
| | B) | more commitment to particular religious denominations. |
| | C) | less commitment to particular religious denominations but increased commitment to religious leaders. |
| | D) | no change in terms of their commitment to particular religious denominations, but great disappointment with religious leaders. |
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| 27 | |
What is the relation between religion and the ability to cope with stress? |
| | A) | Religiousness has been shown to be an ineffective strategy for coping with stress. |
| | B) | Religiousness can help some individuals cope more effectively with their lives. |
| | C) | Religiousness often promotes anxiety, thus inducing stress. |
| | D) | There appears to be little if any relationship between religiousness and the ability to cope with stress. |
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| 28 | |
Research seems to indicate which of the following relationships between religion and happiness? |
| | A) | Involvement in religion causes people to be happy. |
| | B) | Happiness leads people to become involved in religion. |
| | C) | There is no meaningful relationship between religion and happiness. |
| | D) | People who are involved in religion tend to be happy. |
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| 29 | |
Viktor Frankl believed that all of the following are distinct human qualities EXCEPT: |
| | A) | spirituality. |
| | B) | freedom. |
| | C) | responsibility. |
| | D) | altruism. |
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