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| 1 | |
The key to survival in an environment based on natural selection involves: |
| | A) | aggression. |
| | B) | size. |
| | C) | adaptation. |
| | D) | mutation. |
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| 2 | |
The emphasis of evolutionary psychology behaviour is on: |
| | A) | the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" to explain behaviour. |
| | B) | cultural evolution as the dominant type of evolution among humans. |
| | C) | genes as the most important determinant for survival. |
| | D) | physical and psychological aspects of humans as different determinants of behaviour. |
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| 3 | |
David Buss believes that _____________ not only shapes our physical features, but also influences our decision making, aggressive behaviour, fears, and mating patterns. |
| | A) | adaptation |
| | B) | instinct |
| | C) | evolution |
| | D) | genetics |
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| 4 | |
According to Baltes, the benefits of evolutionary selection: |
| | A) | increase with age. |
| | B) | decrease with age. |
| | C) | remain the same over the life span. |
| | D) | first increase in early adulthood, then decrease following the decline in reproductive capacity. |
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| 5 | |
Albert Bandura criticizes evolutionary psychology because it: |
| | A) | is "one-sided evolutionism." |
| | B) | takes a bidirectional view of development. |
| | C) | is too complex. |
| | D) | fails to take account of biological processes. |
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| 6 | |
The units of hereditary information that act as a blueprint for cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life are: |
| | A) | chromosomes. |
| | B) | DNA. |
| | C) | genes. |
| | D) | ribosomes. |
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| 7 | |
In the process of meiosis: |
| | A) | the number of chromosomes is reduced to half. |
| | B) | the focus is on cell growth and repair. |
| | C) | the number of chromosomes present remains the same. |
| | D) | two daughter cells are formed. |
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| 8 | |
Each human gamete has: |
| | A) | 46 paired chromosomes. |
| | B) | 46 unpaired chromosomes. |
| | C) | 23 paired chromosomes. |
| | D) | 23 unpaired chromosomes. |
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| 9 | |
The typical female chromosome pattern is: |
| | A) | YY. |
| | B) | XX. |
| | C) | XY. |
| | D) | XXY. |
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| 10 | |
Traits that are produced by the interaction between two or more genes are called: |
| | A) | dominant. |
| | B) | recessive. |
| | C) | monogenic. |
| | D) | polygenic. |
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| 11 | |
A person's genetic heritage is his or her: |
| | A) | genotype. |
| | B) | phenotype. |
| | C) | dominant character. |
| | D) | recessive character. |
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| 12 | |
The way an individual's genetic heritage is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics is his or her: |
| | A) | genotype. |
| | B) | phenotype. |
| | C) | dominant character. |
| | D) | recessive character. |
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| 13 | |
The basic premise of the reaction range model is that: |
| | A) | genetic factors determine an infant's range of behaviour and environmental factors determine an adult's behaviour. |
| | B) | genetic factors determine a possible range of expressions and environmental factors determine the ultimate expression achieved. |
| | C) | most behaviours are determined by genetic factors and the environment contributes little to human reactions. |
| | D) | most behaviours are determined by the environment and genetic factors contribute little to human reactions. |
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| 14 | |
The narrow path marking the development of characteristics that appear immune to vast changes in environmental events is called: |
| | A) | canalization. |
| | B) | meiosis. |
| | C) | phenotype. |
| | D) | heredity. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is the best example of canalization? |
| | A) | Twins reared apart in very different environments have different temperaments. |
| | B) | Two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed child. |
| | C) | An extra X chromosome causes genetic abnormalities. |
| | D) | Infants who experience extreme malnutrition show normal social and cognitive development later in childhood. |
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| 16 | |
Behavioural geneticists believe that behaviours are determined by: |
| | A) | only biological factors. |
| | B) | only environmental factors. |
| | C) | biological factors at birth and environmental factors throughout the rest of life. |
| | D) | a continuous interaction between biological and environmental factors. |
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| 17 | |
If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behaviour, what prediction can we make about expression of the behaviour in identical twins reared apart compared to its expression in fraternal twins reared apart? |
| | A) | Fraternal twins will express the behaviour more similarly than identical twins. |
| | B) | There will be little similarity in the expression of the behaviour in either set of twins. |
| | C) | Identical twins will express the behaviour more similarly than fraternal twins. |
| | D) | The behaviour will be expressed similarly by identical twins and fraternal twins. |
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| 18 | |
In adoption studies, psychologists compare the behaviour of: |
| | A) | identical fraternal twins. |
| | B) | family members with that of randomly selected others. |
| | C) | fraternal twins with each other. |
| | D) | children living with adoptive parents and children living with biological parents. |
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| 19 | |
Down syndrome is caused by: |
| | A) | an extra chromosome. |
| | B) | alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. |
| | C) | the mother's poor nutrition. |
| | D) | an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair. |
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| 20 | |
Which of these syndromes is NOT sex-linked? |
| | A) | sickle-cell anemia |
| | B) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | C) | Turner syndrome |
| | D) | XYY syndrome |
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| 21 | |
If amniocentesis is performed to determine if a woman's fetus is genetically normal, this will involve: |
| | A) | taking a blood sample from the mother. |
| | B) | drawing a sample of the fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb. |
| | C) | taking a sample of the placenta between the 8th and 11th week of pregnancy. |
| | D) | taking a blood sample from the fetus. |
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| 22 | |
Of people of Caribbean descent in the Canadian population, approximately ___% carry the gene(s) that produce: |
| | A) | Tay-Sachs disease |
| | B) | Klinefelter's syndrome |
| | C) | Sickle-cell anemia |
| | D) | hemophilia |
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| 23 | |
Hannah is a descendant of Eastern European Jews. Which genetic disorder is she most likely to have? |
| | A) | Sickle-cell anemia |
| | B) | hemophilia |
| | C) | Klinefelter's syndrome |
| | D) | Tay-Sachs disease |
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| 24 | |
All of the following are common causes of male infertility EXCEPT: |
| | A) | low sperm count. |
| | B) | sperm lacking motility. |
| | C) | a blocked passageway. |
| | D) | superovulation. |
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| 25 | |
Intrauterine insemination is a possible solution to infertility that involves: |
| | A) | having sperm and egg unite outside of a woman's body. |
| | B) | implanting a fertilized egg into a substitute mother's womb. |
| | C) | enhancing the possibility of conception by taking fertility drugs. |
| | D) | placing frozen sperm from a male donor directly into the uterus. |
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| 26 | |
Which is a disadvantage of adoption in comparison to medical treatments for infertility? |
| | A) | Adoptive parents tend not to try as hard as nonadoptive parents to care for their children. |
| | B) | Adopted children are more likely than nonadopted children to have adjustment problems. |
| | C) | Adoption is more likely to involve third parties than nonadoption. |
| | D) | Biological parents find it easier to love their children than do adopting parents. |
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| 27 | |
Arthur Jensen argues that heredity is a more important determinant of intelligence than environment because the: |
| | A) | educational level of biological parents correlates more strongly with children's IQs than do IQs of adoptive parents. |
| | B) | IQs of fraternal twins are as highly correlated as the IQs of identical twins. |
| | C) | IQs of identical twins, whether reared together or apart, are more strongly correlated than IQs of fraternal twins or other siblings. |
| | D) | correlations between fraternal twins' IQs are similar to correlations of siblings' IQs. |
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| 28 | |
In Arthur Jensen's review of studies on intelligence, he discovered that ____________ had the highest correlated IQ scores. |
| | A) | identical twins reared together |
| | B) | identical twins reared apart |
| | C) | fraternal twins reared together |
| | D) | fraternal twins reared apart |
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| 29 | |
Which was one of the main controversies related to the research of J. Phillippe Rushton on human intelligence? |
| | A) | The IQ scores of fraternal twins become more similar as they become older. |
| | B) | Intelligence is related to head size. |
| | C) | The intelligence of Caucasians is superior to Asians. |
| | D) | There is no relationship between intelligence and race. |
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| 30 | |
Most experts today agree that ____________ plays an important role in intelligence. |
| | A) | socioeconomic status |
| | B) | health care |
| | C) | environment |
| | D) | creativity |
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| 31 | |
Behavioural geneticist Sandra Scarr argues that: |
| | A) | most aspects of family context are shared by all siblings within the family. |
| | B) | the environment the parents select for their children is due, in part, to the parents' genotypes. |
| | C) | only cross-cultural studies can be used to support the role of genetics in determining behaviour. |
| | D) | females are genetically superior to males in all aspects of development except physical strength. |
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| 32 | |
Children who are highly active, easily distracted, and move very fast frequently elicit adult attempts to quiet them down, punishment them for lack of concentration, and give angry warnings to slow them down. This describes an example of a(n) ___________ -environment interaction. |
| | A) | passive genotype |
| | B) | active genotype |
| | C) | niche-picking genotype |
| | D) | evocative genotype |
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| 33 | |
Larry and Anita grew up in the same household, went to the same schools, participated in their family's social activities, and observed their parents' dedication to work and community. These experiences constitute Larry and Anita's: |
| | A) | shared environmental experiences. |
| | B) | nonshared environmental experiences. |
| | C) | niche-picking experiences. |
| | D) | heritability. |
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| 34 | |
Behavioural geneticist Robert Plomin argues that differences between siblings' personalities are primarily a result of: |
| | A) | genetics. |
| | B) | nonshared environmental experiences. |
| | C) | random variance. |
| | D) | shared environmental experiences. |
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| 35 | |
Craig Ramey and colleagues (1984, 1998) studied the effects of early intervention on intelligence. They found that ______________ can significantly raise the intelligence of young children from impoverished environments. |
| | A) | providing medical care and dietary supplements |
| | B) | high-quality early educational day care |
| | C) | teaching mothers parenting skills |
| | D) | placing children into adoptive homes with highly intelligent parents |
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| 36 | |
Judith Harris' (1998) book The Nurture Assumption has been: |
| | A) | highly praised by developmentalists such as T. Berry Brazelton and Jerome Kagan. |
| | B) | well received by developmentalists who believe that parents are a critical component of a child's healthy development. |
| | C) | called "terrifying" by developmentalist T. Berry Brazelton. |
| | D) | largely ignored by the psychological community. |
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