At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods of prenatal development
Define placenta and umbilical cord, and describe how they prevent the transmission of harmful substances from mother to infant
Understand how cultural beliefs affect the experience of pregnancy
Describe the effects that drugs can have on the unborn child
Discuss maternal diseases and conditions that influence prenatal development such as rubella, syphilis, herpes, and HIV/AIDS
Explain how maternal and paternal characteristics affect prenatal development
Describe the three stages of birth
State what researchers know and do not know about the effects of drugs administered during childbirth
Contrast the different childbirth strategies, noting the pros and cons of each
Define and distinguish between special neonatal considerations including: preterm infants and low-birthweight infants, children with special needs, and ambiguous gender
Describe the two most widely used measures of neonatal health and responsiveness
Describe the role of a midwife
Describe the physical, emotional, and psychological adjustments women have to make after pregnancy
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