Anthony Fauci,
National Institute of Health, Betheseda, MD Eugene Braunwald,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Dennis Kasper,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Stephen Hauser,
University of California, San Francisco, CA Dan Longo,
National Institute of Health, Betheseda, MD J Larry Jameson,
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medici Joseph Loscalzo,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.
A native of Brooklyn, New York, Dr. Fauci received his medical degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1966. He then completed an internship and residency at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. In 1968, Dr. Fauci came to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a clinical associate in the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation (LCI) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). In 1974, he became Head of the Clinical Physiology Section, LCI, and in 1980 was appointed Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, a position he still holds. In 1984, Dr. Fauci became Director of NIAID, where he oversees an extensive research portfolio of basic and applied research to prevent, diagnose, and treat infectious and immune-mediated illnesses, including HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, illness from potential agents of bioterrorism, tuberculosis, malaria, autoimmune disorders, asthma, and allergies. The budget for NIAID for fiscal year 2003 is approximately $4.6 billion. Dr. Fauci serves as one of the key advisors to the White House and Department of Health and Human Services on global AIDS issues, and on initiatives to bolster medical and public health preparedness against possible future bioterrorist attacks.
Dr. Fauci has made many contributions to basic and clinical research on the pathogenesis and treatment of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. He has pioneered the field of human immunoregulation by making a number of basic scientific observations that serve as the basis for current understanding of the regulation of the human immune response. In addition, Dr. Fauci is widely recognized for delineating the precise mechanisms whereby immunosuppressive agents modulate the human immune response. He has developed effective therapies for formerly fatal diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. A 1985 Stanford University Arthritis Center Survey of the American Rheumatism Association membership ranked the work of Dr. Fauci on the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis as one of the most important advances in patient management in rheumatology over the previous 20 years.
Dr. Fauci has made seminal contributions to the understanding of how the AIDS virus destroys the body's defenses leading to its susceptibility to deadly infections. He also has delineated the mechanisms of induction of HIV expression by endogenous cytokines. Furthermore, he has been instrumental in developing strategies for the therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with this serious disease, as well as for a vaccine to prevent HIV infection. He continues to devote much of his research time to identifying the nature of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection and the scope of the body's immune responses to the AIDS retrovirus.
In 2003, an Institute for Scientific Information study indicated that in the twenty-year period from 1983 to 2002, Dr. Fauci was the 13th most-cited scientist among the 2.5 to 3 million authors in all disciplines throughout the world who published articles in scientific journals during that time frame. Dr. Fauci was the ninth most-cited scientist in the field of immunology in the period from January 1993 to June 30, 2003. Through the years, Dr. Fauci has served as Visiting Professor at major medical centers throughout the country. He has delivered many major lectureships all over the world and is the recipient of numerous prestigious awards for his scientific accomplishments, including 32 honorary doctorate degrees from universities in the United States and abroad.
Dr. Fauci is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (former Council Member), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters, as well as a number of other professional societies including the American College of Physicians, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians (former President), the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Association of Immunologists, and the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology. He serves on the editorial boards of many scientific journals; as an editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine; and as author, coauthor, or editor of more than 1,000 scientific publications, including several textbooks.
Eugene Braunwald, M.D.
Dr. Eugene Braunwald received his medical training at New York University and completed his Medical Residency at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. He served as the first Chief of the Cardiology Branch and then as Clinical Director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dr. Braunwald then served as the founding Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, and from 1972 to 1996 he was Chairman of Harvard's Department of Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. He was a founding trustee and Chief Academic Officer of Partners HealthCare System, which incorporates the Brigham and Women's and Massachusetts General Hospitals. Currently, he is the Distinguished Hershey Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Chairman, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Dr. Braunwald is one of three cardiologists who are members of the National Academy of Sciences. He has served as President of the American Society for Clinical Investigation and the Association of Professors of Medicine. He has received numerous honors and awards including the Distinguished Scientist Award of the American College of Cardiology, Research Achievement, and Herrick Awards of the American Heart Association, the Williams Award of the Association of Professors of Medicine, the Kober medal of the Association of American Physicians, and the Gold Medal of the European Society of Cardiology. He is the recipient of fourteen honorary degrees from distinguished universities throughout the world. Harvard University created the Eugene Braunwald Professorship in Medicine as a permanently endowed chair. The American Heart Association created the Eugene Braunwald Academic Mentorship Award as a permanent annual award. The living Nobel Prize winners in medicine voted Dr. Braunwald as "the person who has contributed the most to cardiology in recent years." In 1998 Science Watch listed Dr. Braunwald as the most frequently cited author in Cardiology. The Brigham and Women's Hospital dedicated a research facility as the "Eugene Braunwald Research Center."
Dr. Braunwald is the author of more than 1300 publications and an editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Editor-in-Chief of the 11th Edition and 15th Editions) and the founding editor/author of Braunwald's Heart Disease, now in its 8th Edition. Dr. Braunwald has been Chairman of the TIMI trials since 1984 and he has led the SAVE and CARE trials.
Dennis L. Kasper, M.D.
For more than three decades, Dennis Kasper has conducted research in microbiology, infectious diseases, and public health while discharging a broad range of administrative and educational responsibilities. Dr. Kasper is the William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine and a Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Harvard Medical School. As Director of the Channing Laboratory, a research facility with a high international profile, he plays a powerful role in shaping cutting-edge research programs in infectious diseases and epidemiology.
Dr. Kasper has led studies on the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis, focusing primarily on group B Streptococcus and Bacteroides fragilis. He has applied the substantial body of knowledge gained in these studies to elucidate the interactions of bacterial surface virulence factors with host defenses. His work has centered around the biochemistry, chemistry, genetics, and immunology of polysaccharides. Years of basic and translational research have culminated in a group B streptococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine, targeting the most common bacterial cause of serious neonatal infections. In Dr. Kasper's research on B. fragilis he has discovered a polysaccharide molecule (PSA) that is critical to the maturation of the mammalian host immune system. This molecule directs the development of an appropriate balance of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells and is a potent stimulant of both innate and adaptive immunity.
Dr. Kasper also directs the New England Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research and is the Chairman of the National Science Advisory Board on Biosecurity. He has served as Chair of the NIAID's Board of Scientific Counselors and as President of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. Dr. Kasper is also a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
Dr. Kasper is the editor of the infectious diseases section in the 17th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. He is the author of more than 375 research and clinical publications encompassing an array of topics in infectious diseases and microbiology.
Stephen L. Hauser, M.D.
Stephen L. Hauser, M.D. is the Robert A. Fishman Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Neurology at the UCSF. He is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Phi Beta Kappa) and Harvard Medical School (Magna Cum Laude). He trained in internal medicine at the New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center in neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and in immunology at Harvard Medical School and the Institute Pasteur in Paris, France, and was a faculty member at the MGH before moving to UCSF in 1992.
A neuroimmunologist, Dr. Hauser's research has focused on the biology of multiple sclerosis (MS). His laboratory described an MS-like disease model in which specific autoantibodies against a quantitatively minor myelin protein are major factors in producing the disease. He demonstrated that autoimmune T cells, previously thought to be the sole trigger for MS, must synergize with disease-causing antibodies to produce typical MS lesions. These findings then led to a clinical trial showing, for the first time, the effectiveness of a therapy directed against antibody-producing lymphocytes in MS. Another area of work has been the study of genetic susceptibility to MS and the identification of DNA variants that influence the risk of developing MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Dr. Hauser has served as President of the Medical Staff at UCSF, and currently serves on several scientific advisory boards for nonprofit organizations. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association of Physicians, is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, is editor-in-chief of the journal Annals of Neurology and is President of the American Neurological Association.
Dan L. Longo, M.D.
Dr. Longo earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington University in St. Louis and his medical degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia. During medical school, he obtained a year of pathology training focused on hematology as a Post-Sophomore Fellow. He trained in internal medicine at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital of Harvard Medical School. He obtained subspecialty training in oncology at the National Cancer Institute and postdoctoral laboratory training in the Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
After completing his training in 1980, he became a Senior Investigator in the Medicine Branch of the National Cancer Institute. In 1985, Dr. Longo became the Director of the Biological Response Modifiers Program of the National Cancer Institute. In 1995, he became Scientific Director of the National Institute on Aging. He has published more than 750 papers and book chapters, is an associate editor of Journal of the National Cancer Institute and Journal of Gerontology, and is on the editorial boards of several other journals. In addition to his work on Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, he edits Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice with Bruce Chabner.
He has elucidated mechanisms by which NK cells regulate hematopoiesis, tumors inhibit T-cell function, and activation signals induce neoplastic cell death. He has developed treatments that improve the survival of patients with lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease and pioneered use of antibodies, cytokines, adoptive cellular therapies, and vaccines for cancer treatment.
He has been recognized by election to the American Society of Clinical Investigation and the Association of American Physicians, and is among the top 1% of cited authors in life sciences. He received the Tovi Comet-Walerstein Award from Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
J. Larry Jameson, M.D., PhD
Dr. J. Larry Jameson is Vice-President for Medical Affairs and Dean of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. He is the Lewis Landsberg Professor of Medicine. Dr. Jameson received an MD-PhD degree in 1981 from the University of North Carolina before performing clinical training in Internal Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. He rose through the faculty ranks at the Harvard Medical School to become Associate Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Thyroid Unit at the Massachusetts General Hospital before moving to Northwestern in 1993 as chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine. He served as Irving S. Cutter Professor and Chairman of Medicine at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine from 2000 to 2007.
Dr. Jameson is internationally recognized for his investigations of the genetic basis endocrine disorders that affect reproduction and thyroid gland function. He has published more than 250 scientific articles including reports in top-ranked journals such as the New England Journal Medicine, Nature Genetics, Science, and the Journal of Clinical Investigation, as well as several specialty journals in endocrinology.
Dr. Jameson is the standard bearer for molecular medicine in the field of endocrinology. He is Co-Editor of the 5th edition of the authoritative text, DeGroot and Jameson's, Endocrinology. He became Editor of the 15th Edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Dr. Jameson has trained more than 50 scientists, many of whom have risen to leadership positions in endocrinology.
He has served as the President of The Endocrine Society, an organization with more than 10,000 members. Dr. Jameson has been the recipient of several awards including the Oppenheimer Award from the Endocrine Society and the Van Meter Award from the American Thyroid Association, and he has served as a Visiting Lecturer at leading institutions around the world. He has been elected to the American Society of Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.
Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Joseph Loscalzo is Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Chairman of the Department of Medicine, and Physician-in-Chief at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. Loscalzo received his A.B. degree, summa cum laude, his Ph.D. in biochemistry, and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His clinical training was completed at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, where he served as Resident and Chief Resident in medicine and Fellow in cardiovascular medicine.
After completing his training, Dr. Loscalzo joined the Harvard faculty and staff at Brigham and Women's Hospital in 1984. He rose to the rank of Associate Professor of Medicine, Chief of Cardiology at the West Roxbury Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Director of the Center for Research in Thrombolysis at Brigham and Women's Hospital. He joined the faculty of Boston University in 1994, first as Chief of Cardiology and, in 1997, Wade Professor and Chair of Medicine, Professor of Biochemistry, and Director of the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute. He returned to Harvard and Brigham and Women's Hospital in 2005.
Dr. Loscalzo is recognized as an outstanding cardiovascular scientist and clinician. He has received many awards including the Clinician-Scientist Award, the Distinguished Scientist Award, and the Research Achievement Award from the American Heart Association, the Research Career Development Award from the NIH, the George W. Thorn Award for Excellence in Teaching at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Educator of the Year Award in Clinical Medicine from Boston University, the Glaxo Cardiovascular Research Award, the Outstanding Investigator Prize from the International Society for Heart Research, and election to the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He has served on several NIH study sections and editorial boards, and has chaired the Gordon Conference on Thrombolysis. He served as an associate editor of the New England Journal of Medicine for nine years, Chair of the Cardiovascular Board of the American Board of Internal Medicine, Chair of the Research Committee of the American Heart Association, Chair of the Scientific Board of the Stanley J. Sarnoff Society of Fellows for Research in the Cardiovascular Sciences, and Chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of Circulation, and a member of the Advisory Council of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Dr. Loscalzo's research interests involve the vascular biology of endothelial cells and platelets and their role in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. In particular, his laboratory has focused much of its efforts in recent years on the biology and pathobiology of nitric oxide, reactive nitrogen species, and reactive oxygen species in the vasculature using molecular, genetic, biochemical, cellular, and animal approaches.
Dr. Loscalzo has been a visiting professor at many institutions and has authored or co-authored more than 500 scientific publications and authored or edited 23 books. He is also the recipient of many grants from the NIH and industry for his work in the areas of vascular biology, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis over the past thirty years.
2008 McGraw-Hill Professional