|
1 | | 1. Thorndike’s ________________________ states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be learned. |
|
|
2 | | 2. _______________________, not B. F. Skinner, was the first behaviorist to insist that psychology should be limited to a study of observable behavior. |
|
|
3 | | 3. Psychology must be restricted to the study of _________________ behavior, according to Skinner. |
|
|
4 | | 4. Skinner’s theory has been labeled radical ____________________. |
|
|
5 | | 5. Human behavior is subject to the laws of _________________, according
to Skinner |
|
|
6 | | 6. Pavlovian conditioning is also called _____________________ conditioning. |
|
|
7 | | 7. _______________________ calls for the experimenter to first reward gross approximations of the target behavior and gradually reward closer and closer approximations. |
|
|
8 | | 8. An event or object that strengthens behavior is called a _____________________. |
|
|
9 | | 9. A _____________________ reinforcer is any stimulus that, when added to a situation, increases the probability that a given behavior will recur. |
|
|
10 | | 10. Like positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers _________________ behavior. |
|
|
11 | | 11. The effects of punishment are less ______________________than those
of reward. |
|
|
12 | | 12. ________________________ reinforcers are stimuli that are not by nature satisfying, but that become so because they are associated with primary reinforcers. |
|
|
13 | | 13. The least efficient schedule is the ________________________ schedule. |
|
|
14 | | 14. Nonreinforcement of a response leads to _____________________. |
|
|
15 | | 15. Skinner rejected the notion of unconscious ___________________ but accepted the idea of unconscious behavior. |
|
|
16 | | 16 Skinner believed that the _________________________, not free will, is responsible for behavior. |
|
|
17 | | 17. Two opposite factors in controlling behavior are _________________
and satiation. |
|
|
18 | | 18. To Skinner, behavior is shaped by natural ____________________, reinforcement, and cultural evolution. |
|
|
19 | | 19. The ________________________ is ultimately responsible for self-control. |
|
|
20 | | 20. Skinner believed that _________________________ is one of the chief obstacles blocking psychology’s attempt to become scientific. |
|