In Chapter 16 we concentrate on understanding integrated circuit design techniques that are based upon the characteristics of closely matched devices and look at a number of key building blocks of operational amplifiers and other ICs. Our goals are to:
Understand bipolar and MOS current mirror operation
and mirror ratio errors
Explore high output resistance current sources
including cascode and Wilson current source circuits
Learn to design current sources for use in both discrete
and integrated circuits
Add reference current circuit techniques to our kit of
circuit building blocks. These circuits produce currents
that exhibit a substantial degree of independence from
power supply voltage including the VBE-based reference
and the Widlar current source.
Investigate the operation and design of bandgap
reference circuits, one of the most important
techniques for providing an accurate reference voltage
that is independent of power supply voltages and
temperature
Use current mirrors as active loads in differential
amplifiers to increase the voltage gain of single-stage
amplifiers to the amplification factor μf
Learn how to include the effects of device mismatch in
the calculation of amplifier performance measures such
as CMRR
Analyze the design of the classic μA741 operational
amplifier
Understand the techniques used to realize fourquadrant
analog multipliers with large input signal
range
Continue to increase our understanding of SPICE
simulation techniques
