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1 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Hemolymph is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a fluid containing red blood cells that is characteristic of amphibians. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | fluid found in insects consisting of blood and interstitial fluid. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the interstitial fluid of mammals. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a lighter weight fluid characteristic of many bird groups. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | none of the above |
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2 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The circulatory system and endocrine system are interrelated in which of the following ways? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The glands of the endocrine system produce and secrete hormones that are delivered to other body sites via the circulatory system. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The temperature of blood regulates the rate at which many endocrine glands produce hormones. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hormones produced by the endocrine system are absorbed by lymphocytes and delivered to other body sites. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hormones produced by the endocrine system control the activities of blood cells. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The circulatory system is a part of the endocrine system. |
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3 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | capillaries, arteries, arterioles. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | capillaries, arterioles, arteries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arterioles, arteries, capillaries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arteries, arterioles, capillaries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arteries, capillaries, arterioles. |
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4 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The rate of blood flow in humans is about _________. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 5 pints per minute. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 5 liters per minute. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 5 gallons per minute. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 10 liters per minute. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | 10 gallons per minute. |
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5 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) B-lymphocyte: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | inflammation |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | transports carbon dioxide |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | produces antibody molecules |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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6 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Monocyte: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | inflammation |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | transports carbon dioxide |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | produces antibody molecules |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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7 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Basophil: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | inflammation |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | transports carbon dioxide |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | produces antibody molecules |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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8 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Erythrocyte: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | inflammation |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | transports carbon dioxide |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | produces antibody molecules |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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9 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) In fish, blood flows in which direction? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | conus arteriosus, sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ventricle, atrium, conus arteriosus, sinus venosus |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ventricle, conus arteriosus, atrium, sinus venosus |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | none of the above |
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10 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Purkinje fibers: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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11 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Aorta: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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12 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Mitral valve: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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13 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Arteriosclerosis: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hardening of the arteries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | chest pain |
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14 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Angina pectoris: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hardening of the arteries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | chest pain |
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15 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Stroke: |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hardening of the arteries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | chest pain |
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16 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Insects obtain oxygen through |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | tracheae. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | gills. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | water. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | lungs. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | book lungs. |
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17 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The gills of the bony fishes are considered the most efficient respiratory machines ever evolved because they |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | require so little oxygen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | use reverse osmosis to extract oxygen from water. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | concentrate oxygen so efficiently the blood in gills may have twice the oxygen as the surrounding water. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | are able to extract up to 85% of the available oxygen from water. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both a and b are true |
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18 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Bird lungs, like the gills of fish, use a countercurrent flow to oxygenate blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | true |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | false |
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19 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Air flows through the lungs of birds in one direction, from front to back. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | true |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | false |
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20 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The pleural membrane is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | used by fishes to achieve countercurrent flow and oxygenate their blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a smooth membrane covering each lung. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | what allows birds to achieve such high oxygen concentrations in their blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | divided into many tiny cavities called bronchi. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | only seen in aquatic mammals. |
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21 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The thoracic cavity |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | functions to remove carbon dioxide from the blood in mammals. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | is divided into many tiny cavities called bronchi. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | is filled with interpleural fluid. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | contains the lungs. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | is a characteristic of the amphibians. |
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22 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Hemoglobin molecules are able to carry |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | oxygen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | carbon dioxide. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | nitric oxide. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | all of the above |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a and c only |
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23 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The majority of carbon dioxide is removed from the body by |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | binding to carrier proteins in lymphocytes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the alveoli. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | diffusing from the skin. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | dissolving in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. |
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24 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Blood leaves the heart through |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | veins. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | capillaries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arteries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | venules. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arterioles. |
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25 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Blood moves from capillaries into |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | veins. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | subcapillaries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arteries. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | venules. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | arterioles. |
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26 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) __________ carry blood back to the heart. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Veins |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Capillaries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Arteries |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Venules |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Arterioles |
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27 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) An important characteristic of an artery is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | flexibility. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | its radius of about 8 micrometers |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | its ability to return blood back to the heart. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | its affinity for carbon monoxide. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both a and b |
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28 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Arterioles differ from arteries in that |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | they are smaller in diameter. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | they are larger in diameter. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hormones can cause the muscle surrounding them to relax and they can enlarge in diameter. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both a and c |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both b and c |
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29 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The thin walls of capillaries are important because they |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | allow capillaries to easily change diameter. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | allow for the transport of gases and metabolites. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | must be flexible to accommodate surges of blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | must withstand high pressure. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | none of the above |
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30 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The lymphatic system functions to |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | filter bacteria and debris from lymph fluid. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | remove carbon dioxide from the blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | add oxygen to the blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | adjust the water content of plasma. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | add bicarbonate to the blood. |
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31 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The lymphatic system |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | transports fats absorbed from the intestine. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | returns proteins to circulation. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | filters debris from lymph fluid. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | destroys debris removed from lymph fluid. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | all of the above |
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32 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) A function of proteins dissolved in blood plasma is to |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | provide energy to blood cells. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | prevent bacteria from surviving in the bloodstream. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | prevent the osmotic loss of water from the plasma. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | prevent salts from building up in the blood. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | maintain a constant pH in the blood. |
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33 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Heart contraction is initiated by |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the superior vena cava. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Purkinje fibers. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | an electrical impulse of the appropriate intensity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | sinoatrial node. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the bundle of His. |
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34 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) During a routine examination of your elderly dog, the veterinarian tells you that she has a slight heart murmur. A likely cause of the murmur is |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the heart valves encountering fat accumulation when they close. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | turbulence in the heart caused by valves opening or closing incompletely. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | failure of the heart to empty completely. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | weakening of the cardiac muscle. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both a and d |
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35 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Alveoli are connected to the bronchi by |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | blood vessels. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | connective tissue. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | muscle fibers. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the pleural membrane. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | bronchioles. |
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36 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The effect of carbon dioxide on hemoglobin is that |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | it causes the hemoglobin to change shape and unload the oxygen it is carrying. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | it changes its shape so that hemoglobin can no longer bind to oxygen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | it increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | hemoglobin is denatured. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | both a and d |
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37 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Hemoglobin can bind to and transport |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | oxygen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | carbon dioxide. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | nitric oxide. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | all of the above |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a and b only |
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38 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) In order for lung cancer to be initiated |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | several thousand genes must be mutated. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | only a few critical genes need to be mutated. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | lung cells must be exposed to some kind of radiation. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | the patient must be in poor health. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | none of the above |
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