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Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8/e

David N. Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Jackie L. Butler, Grayson County College
Ricki Lewis, SUNY - Albany

Endocrine System

Chapter Quiz


1	Endocrine glands secrete hormones
		A)	directly into body fluids such as blood
		B)	that are active only in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells
		C)	whose concentrations are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms
		D)	that reach some body surface after secretion


2	Endocrine glands function to
		A)	regulate the rates of certain chemical reactions
		B)	aid in the transport of substances across cell membranes
		C)	play roles in growth, development, and reproduction
		D)	all of the above


3	The action of a hormone is directed at
		A)	its site of secretion
		B)	growing and dividing cells
		C)	target cells
		D)	cell membranes


4	A major difference between steroid and other types of hormones is
		A)	steroid hormones are lipid soluble
		B)	amines tend to form a receptor hormone complex that is active within the nucleus of the cell
		C)	receptor sites for steroid hormones are both a receptor site and an activity site
		D)	receptors for steroid hormones are found in the cell membrane


5	Prostaglandins are
		A)	synthesized from arachidonic acid in cell membranes
		B)	stored in cells in large quantities until needed
		C)	both
		D)	neither


6	A characteristic of the negative feedback system that regulates hormone secretion is
		A)	activation by imbalance
		B)	exertion of an inhibitory effect on the gland
		C)	exertion of a stimulatory effect on the gland
		D)	a tendency for hormone levels to fluctuate widely


7	The pituitary gland consists of a(n)
		A)	anterior lobe
		B)	posterior lobe
		C)	both
		D)	neither


8	The hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland include all of the following except
		A)	Growth hormone
		B)	Prolactin
		C)	Oxytocin
		D)	Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)


9	Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates fluid balance?
		A)	LH
		B)	ADH
		C)	FSH
		D)	Oxytocin


10	Which of the following is a function of the thyroid gland?
		A)	maturation of the nervous system
		B)	control storage of lipids
		C)	decrease the rate of energy release from carbohydrates
		D)	inhibit growth in children


11	Which of the following contains only 2 atoms of iodine?
		A)	Thyroxine
		B)	Triiodothyronine
		C)	both
		D)	neither


12	Hypothyroidism in an infant directly leads to
		A)	hyperactivity
		B)	mental retardation
		C)	excessive appetite
		D)	excessive bone formation


13	The effect of Parathyroid hormone is to
		A)	enhance absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the large intestine
		B)	stimulate the bone to release ionized calcium
		C)	stimulate the kidney to excrete excess calcium and phosphorus
		D)	suppress release of parathyroid releasing hormone from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.


14	Injury to or removal of the Parathyroid glands is likely to result in
		A)	reduced osteoclastic activity
		B)	Cushing's disease
		C)	kidney stones
		D)	hypocalcemia


15	The adrenal hormone aldosterone belongs to a category of cortical hormones called
		A)	mineralcorticoids
		B)	glucocorticoids
		C)	sex hormones
		D)	anabolic hormones


16	The actions of cortisol includes all of the following except
		A)	breakdown of stored protein to increase levels of circulating amino acids
		B)	release of increased amounts of fatty acids for an energy source
		C)	stimulation of gluconeogenesis
		D)	conservation of water


17	Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortical hormones produces
		A)	Addison's disease
		B)	Cushing's disease
		C)	Autoimmune disease
		D)	masculinization in females


18	The action of insulin that most directly leads to lowered blood sugar is
		A)	enhancing glucose absorption from the small intestine
		B)	facilitating the transport of glucose across the cell membrane
		C)	promoting the transport of amino acids out of the cell
		D)	increasing the synthesis of fats


19	Insulin secretion is regulated by a negative feedback system sensitive to
		A)	the level of glycogen in the liver
		B)	intracellular levels of glucose
		C)	increases or decreases in the number of insulin receptors
		D)	blood glucose concentration


20	The hormone melatonin is secreted by the
		A)	Thymus
		B)	Pineal gland
		C)	gonads
		D)	Hypothalamus


21	The thymus gland produces a hormone that is important in the differentiation of
		A)	glial cells
		B)	dermal cells
		C)	white blood cells
		D)	muscle cells


22	Which of the following responses to stress has been implicated in a variety of pathologic conditions?
		A)	increased sympathetic system activity
		B)	increased secretion of Cortisol
		C)	both
		D)	neither


23	Chronobiology is the study of body rhythms such as circadian rhythms.
		A)	True
		B)	False


24	Parathyroid and Growth hormones are examples of protein-related hormones.
		A)	True
		B)	False


25	Steroid hormones activate specific genes which instruct the cell to synthesize specific compounds.
		A)	True
		B)	False


26	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular substance that is always active.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	Hormone secretion is controlled solely by direct stimulation by the autonomic division of the central nervous system.
		A)	True
		B)	False


28	Glucagon and insulin are released by the pancreas in response to changes in the internal environment.
		A)	True
		B)	False


29	Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus control secretion from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; nerve impulses directly stimulate the axons of neurosecretory cells in the posterior lobe.
		A)	True
		B)	False


30	Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are gonadotropins.
		A)	True
		B)	False


31	ACTH stimulates release of hormones of both the adrenal cortex and medulla.
		A)	True
		B)	False


32	Oxytocin is an anterior pituitary hormone.
		A)	True
		B)	False


33	Oxytocin can be used to minimize the risk of post partum hemorrhage.
		A)	True
		B)	False


34	The two lobes of the thyroid gland are located on either side of the trachea superior to the larynx.
		A)	True
		B)	False


35	Thyronine is the most active of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
		A)	True
		B)	False


36	Calcitonin increases excretion of calcium by the kidney.
		A)	True
		B)	False


37	The Parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
		A)	True
		B)	False


38	The Adrenal glands are anatomically closely associated with the liver.
		A)	True
		B)	False


39	Hormones of the adrenal medulla are released in response to an anterior pituitary gland hormone.
		A)	True
		B)	False


40	Aldosterone secretion increases blood pressure.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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