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Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8/e

David N. Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Jackie L. Butler, Grayson County College
Ricki Lewis, SUNY - Albany

Urinary System

Chapter Quiz


1	Which of the following comprises the kidney's transport system?
		A)	tubules and pelvis
		B)	urethra and ureters
		C)	bladder
		D)	urinary meatus


2	The kidneys are located
		A)	within the abdominal cavity
		B)	between the seventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae
		C)	posterior to the parietal peritoneum
		D)	just below the diaphragm


3	A series of small elevations that project into the renal pelvis from the substance of the kidney are called
		A)	renal pyramids
		B)	the renal medulla
		C)	renal calyces
		D)	renal papillae


4	The blood supply to the nephrons of the kidney is via the
		A)	renal artery
		B)	interlobular arteries
		C)	arciform artery
		D)	afferent arterioles


5	The vessel(s) used by surgeons to transplant a kidney is (are) the
		A)	renal artery
		B)	renal vein
		C)	iliac artery and vein
		D)	all of the above


6	Which of the following structures is not a part of the renal corpuscle?
		A)	glomerulus
		B)	glomerular capsule
		C)	descending loop
		D)	Bowman's capsule


7	Which of the following renal structures is found in the medulla of the kidney?
		A)	proximal convoluted tubule
		B)	collecting duct
		C)	distal convoluted tubule
		D)	glomerulus


8	Blood leaving the capillary cluster of the glomerulus enters the
		A)	afferent arteriole
		B)	efferent arteriole
		C)	peritubular capillary system
		D)	renal vein


9	High pressure is maintained in the glomerulus because
		A)	the wall of an arteriole is less compliant than that of a venule
		B)	the diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than that of the afferent arteriole
		C)	both
		D)	neither


10	The transport mechanism used in the glomerulus is
		A)	filtration
		B)	osmosis
		C)	active transport
		D)	diffusion


11	The fluid formed in the capillary cluster of the nephron is the same as blood plasma except for the absence of
		A)	glucose
		B)	larger molecules of plasma protein
		C)	bicarbonate ions
		D)	creatinine


12	Which of the following factors affect glomerular filtration rate?
		A)	constriction or dilatation of afferent and efferent arterioles
		B)	plasma osmotic pressure
		C)	hydrostatic pressure
		D)	all of the above


13	The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete renin in response to
		A)	a decreased blood pressure
		B)	sympathetic stimulation
		C)	a need to conserve sodium, and chloride ions
		D)	all of the above


14	How much fluid filters through the glomerulus in a 24-hour period?
		A)	11/2 quarts
		B)	2 cups
		C)	5-10 quarts
		D)	45 gallons


15	Which of the following substances are normally present in glomerular filtrate but not in urine?
		A)	urea
		B)	sodium
		C)	potassium
		D)	glucose


16	Most of tubular reabsorption takes place in the
		A)	proximal convoluted tubule
		B)	distal convoluted tubule
		C)	descending limb of the loop of Henle
		D)	ascending limb of the loop of Henle


17	Water reabsorption from the kidney tubule is a passive process dependent on the reabsorption of
		A)	sodium
		B)	bicarbonate
		C)	potassium
		D)	chloride


18	The permeability of the distal segment of the tubule to water is regulated by
		A)	blood pressure
		B)	ADH
		C)	Sodium concentration
		D)	Potassium levels


19	Aldosterone secretion is regulated by
		A)	plasma concentration of sodium and potassium ions
		B)	Angiotensin II
		C)	both
		D)	neither


20	The mechanism by which greater amounts of a substance may be excreted in urine that were filtered from the plasma is
		A)	tubular absorption
		B)	active transport
		C)	pinocytosis
		D)	tubular secretion


21	Substances that are secreted into the kidney tubules include all but
		A)	penicillin
		B)	hydrogen ions
		C)	chloride ions
		D)	histamine


22	The normal output of urine for an adult in an hour is
		A)	0-30cc
		B)	30-40cc
		C)	40-50cc
		D)	50-60cc


23	Urine moves along the ureters to the bladder via
		A)	hydrostatic pressure
		B)	peristalsis
		C)	gravity
		D)	negative pressure


24	The third layer of the bladder wall is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is called the
		A)	micturition muscle
		B)	detrusor muscle
		C)	urinary muscle
		D)	sympathetic muscle


25	Which of the following structures is under conscious control?
		A)	external urethral sphincter
		B)	internal urethral sphincter
		C)	both
		D)	neither


26	Shigatoxin, produced by Eschericheria coli, can be transported by the blood to the kidney where the toxin destroys cells of the kidney's filter system.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	The left kidney is slightly higher than the right one.
		A)	True
		B)	False


28	The kidney is composed of three layers connected by the renal columns.
		A)	True
		B)	False


29	Erythropoietin controls the rate of leukocyte production.
		A)	True
		B)	False


30	Venous blood leaves the kidney via the renal vein which joins the inferior vena cava in the abdomen.
		A)	True
		B)	False


31	The renal corpuscle is comprised of the glomerulus, a tangled cluster of capillaries.
		A)	True
		B)	False


32	The peritubular capillary system is a high pressure system.
		A)	True
		B)	False


33	Shock, a sudden decrease in arterial blood pressure, can damage kidney cells and lead to chronic renal failure.
		A)	True
		B)	False


34	The glomerular filtration rate is inversely proportional to filtration pressure.
		A)	True
		B)	False


35	The average glomerular filtration rate for both kidneys in healthy adults is 125cc/minute.
		A)	True
		B)	False


36	Angiotensin II stimulates release of aldosterone which stimulates reabsorption of sodium in the tubules.
		A)	True
		B)	False


37	About 80% of plasma flowing through the kidney undergoes filtration in the glomerulus.
		A)	True
		B)	False


38	Different segments of the renal tubule are specialized to reabsorb specific substances and a variety of transport mechanisms are used throughout the tubule.
		A)	True
		B)	False


39	There is a ceiling on the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed because its reabsorption is dependent on a carrier mechanism.
		A)	True
		B)	False


40	The amount of urea in the plasma is directly proportional to the amount of protein in the diet.
		A)	True
		B)	False


41	The urethra carries urine outside the body.
		A)	True
		B)	False


42	The inner layer of the ureters or the mucous coat is continuous with the linings of the renal tubules and the urinary bladder.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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