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Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8/e

David N. Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Jackie L. Butler, Grayson County College
Ricki Lewis, SUNY - Albany

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Chapter Quiz


1	Sperm are able to increase their motility by lashing their tails because of the influence of
		A)	progesterone
		B)	prostaglandins in semen
		C)	high estrogen levels
		D)	all of the above


2	Fertilization takes place in the
		A)	vagina
		B)	cervix
		C)	uterus
		D)	uterine tube


3	Which of the following is thought to be the mechanism by which the sperm enters the egg?
		A)	An antigen-antibody reaction that briefly alters the cell membrane of the egg.
		B)	The structure of the cell membrane of the egg allows entry.
		C)	The head of the sperm has an enzyme that permits digestion through the membrane of the egg to permit a sperm to enter.
		D)	The mechanism is unknown.


4	The stage of development that follows formation of the zygote is the
		A)	embryonic stage
		B)	implantation stage
		C)	fetal stage
		D)	cleavage stage


5	The beginning of the embryonic stage is marked by the appearance of a
		A)	solid ball of new cells
		B)	hollow ball of cells
		C)	hollow ball of cells organized around an inner mass
		D)	worm-like structure


6	The hormone that maintains a corpus luteum following implantation is
		A)	LH
		B)	HCG
		C)	progesterone
		D)	FSH


7	Female infertility may be due to
		A)	hyposecretion of gonadotropic hormones
		B)	Endometriosis
		C)	scarring of the uterine tubes
		D)	all of the above


8	The layer of the embryonic disk that gives rise to hair, skin, and nails is
		A)	ectoderm
		B)	endoderm
		C)	mesoderm
		D)	both mesoderm and endoderm


9	Which of the following structures arise from the mesoderm?
		A)	muscle
		B)	lining of the mouth
		C)	lining of the respiratory tract
		D)	epidermis


10	At what time does the embryonic disk become a cylinder?
		A)	4 weeks of development
		B)	6 weeks of development
		C)	8 weeks of development
		D)	4 days of development


11	Which of the following transport mechanisms are used to transport materials to and from the developing fetus?
		A)	diffusion
		B)	active transport
		C)	pinocytosis
		D)	all of the above


12	The embryonic portion of the placenta is the
		A)	amnion
		B)	fetal membrane
		C)	allantois
		D)	chorion


13	The vessels in the umbilical cord are
		A)	1 artery and 1 vein
		B)	1 artery and 2 veins
		C)	2 arteries and 1 vein
		D)	2 arteries and 2 veins


14	In the embryo, blood cells are primarily formed in the
		A)	amnion
		B)	placenta
		C)	allantois
		D)	yolk sac


15	The systems that mature last during the fetal stage of development are the
		A)	skeletal system and muscular system
		B)	digestive system and respiratory system
		C)	circulatory system and renal system
		D)	nervous system and muscular system


16	The ductus venosus shunts blood around the
		A)	liver
		B)	spleen
		C)	pancreas
		D)	small intestine


17	Bleeding following expulsion of the afterbirth is controlled by
		A)	hormonal mechanisms
		B)	increased fibrinogen levels
		C)	contraction of uterine muscles
		D)	sympathetic stimulation of arterioles


18	The substance secreted by the breast immediately following delivery is
		A)	witches’ milk
		B)	colostrum
		C)	true milk
		D)	false milk


19	Milk ejection from the breast is initially stimulated by
		A)	filling of the duct structure with milk
		B)	hormonal stimulation
		C)	mechanical stimulation of the nipple such as sucking
		D)	gonadotropins


20	The primary energy source for the newborn is
		A)	glucose
		B)	glycogen
		C)	fatty acids
		D)	protein


21	Which of the following fetal structures closes as a result of a change in pressure?
		A)	ductus venosus
		B)	ductus arteriosus
		C)	umbilical vessels
		D)	foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus


22	Sperm cells reach the upper portions of the uterine tube within an hour after ejaculation.
		A)	True
		B)	False


23	The first part of the egg cell's surface that the sperm encounters is the zona pellucida.
		A)	True
		B)	False


24	The product of conception is called a fetus eight weeks after conception.
		A)	True
		B)	False


25	If two egg cells are released and fertilized, identical twins result.
		A)	True
		B)	False


26	The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	Placental Progesterone and the polypeptide Relaxin from the corpus luteum suppress uterine contractions until the birth process begins.
		A)	True
		B)	False


28	Fetal organs are not present until the end of the tenth week of development.
		A)	True
		B)	False


29	The developing fetus has a recognizably human form by the beginning of the fetal stage of development.
		A)	True
		B)	False


30	Neonates younger than 24 weeks of gestation and weighing less than 600 grams have almost no chance of survival.
		A)	True
		B)	False


31	Blood from fetal circulation and maternal circulation mix directly.
		A)	True
		B)	False


32	Fetal blood has more circulation pathways than the child has.
		A)	True
		B)	False


33	The urine of a newborn is more concentrated than that of a child or an adult.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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