13.1 The Blood Vessels
A series of vessels delivers blood from the heart to the capillaries, where exchanges of substances takes place, and then another series of vessels delivers blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
1. How are large blood vessels nourished with oxygen and nutrients? Answer2. What determines whether blood flows into one particular capillary bed or another? Answer
13.2 The Heart
The human heart is a double pump: the right side pumps blood to the lungs, and the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.
3. Give one example of how the heart can be used to illustrate the relationship between structure and function. Answer
4. Does the heart quit beating if the SA node fails? Answer
13.3 The Vascular Pathways
The pulmonary arteries transport O2-poor blood to the lungs, and the pulmonary veins return O2-rich blood to the heart.
The systemic circuit transports blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body and then returns it to the right atrium of the heart.
5. What is a portal system? Give an example of one in the human body. Answer 6. Is arterial blood pressure constant throughout the body? Answer
13.4 Blood Blood is composed of cells and a fluid containing proteins and various other molecules and ionsBlood clotting is a series of reactions that produces a clot - fibrin threads in which red blood cells are trapped.
Exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid across capillary walls supplies cells with nutrients and removes wastes
7. What is the primary function of red blood cells and white blood cells? Answer8. What portions of the blood participate in clotting? Answer
13.5 Cardiovascular Disorders Although the cardiovascular system is very efficient, it is still subject to degenerative disorders.
9. What are the two primary disorders that lead to stroke, heart attack, and aneurysm? Answer10. What are the recommendations for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system? Answer
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