16.1 Urinary System
The urinary system consists of organs that produce, store, and rid the body of urine.The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and maintain the water-salt and the acid-base balance of the blood within normal limits.
1. How does the reflex to urinate differ in young children when compared with older children and adults? Answer2. How does the urinary system help to maintain homeostasis? Answer
16.2 Kidneys
Kidneys have a macroscopic (gross) anatomy and a microscopic anatomy.Urine is produced by many microscopic tubules called nephrons.
3. What are the three regions of the kidney and which is continuous with the ureter? Answer
4. What adaptations of the proximal convoluted tubule maximize reabsorption? Answer
16.3 Urine Formation
Like many physiological processes, urine formation is a multistep process.
5. List the three steps of urine formation. Answer 6. How is it possible for an otherwise healthy person to excrete small amounts of glucose in urine? Answer
16.4 Maintaining Water-Salt Balance The kidneys are under hormonal control as they regulate the water-salt balance of the body.
7. What portions of the nephron and kidney are involved in the reabsorption of water? Answer8. If an individual drinks very little fluid on a hot day, what happens to the quantity of ADH released by the posterior pituitary? Answer
16.5 Maintaining Acid-Base Balance The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to regulate the pH of the blood.
9. How does the buffer/breathing system compare with the ability of the kidneys to maintain acid-base balance in terms of speed and magnitude of the effect on pH? Answer
Human Urinary System (43.0K)