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1 | |
The smallest unit of matter that can enter into chemical reactions and is nondivisible by chemical means is called a(an) ______. |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | atom |
| | C) | element |
| | D) | molecule |
| | E) | compound |
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2 | |
What does the nucleus of an atom contain? |
| | A) | electrons |
| | B) | protons |
| | C) | neutrons |
| | D) | protons and electrons |
| | E) | protons and neutrons |
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3 | |
The atomic weight of an atom is equal to the number of ______ plus the number of ______. |
| | A) | electrons, protons |
| | B) | electrons, neutrons |
| | C) | protons, neutrons |
| | D) | protons, isotopes |
| | E) | isotopes, ions |
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4 | |
Atomic weights have a single exact value for each element. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Electrons have a negative charge and equal the number of neutrons. |
| | B) | Electrons have a negative charge and equal the number of protons. |
| | C) | Protons have a positive charge and equal the number of neutrons. |
| | D) | Protons have a positive charge and are the main unit that helps bond atoms to each other. |
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6 | |
Electrons that have the greatest amount of energy are located in shells farthest from the nucleus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
What determines the chemical properties of an atom? |
| | A) | the number of electrons in the first shell |
| | B) | the number of electrons in the outer shell |
| | C) | the number of protons in the first shell |
| | D) | the number of protons in the outer shell |
| | E) | the number of neutrons in the outer shell |
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8 | |
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of ______ is equal to the number of ______. |
| | A) | neutrons, electrons |
| | B) | protons, neutrons |
| | C) | protons, electrons |
| | D) | electrons, ions |
| | E) | electrons, isotopes |
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9 | |
The carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic weight of 12. Therefore, a carbon atom has ______ protons. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 8 |
| | E) | 12 |
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10 | |
______ are atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons. |
| | A) | Emulsifiers |
| | B) | Isotopes |
| | C) | Molecules |
| | D) | Compounds |
| | E) | Salts |
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11 | |
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35. When chlorine becomes the chloride ion, its charge is ______. |
| | A) | plus 1 |
| | B) | plus 7 |
| | C) | negative 1 |
| | D) | negative 7 |
| | E) | negative 8 |
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12 | |
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. How many electrons are in the outermost shell? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 7 |
| | C) | 8 |
| | D) | 2 |
| | E) | 5 |
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13 | |
The sodium atom has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic number of 23. Therefore, there are two electrons in the outermost orbit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
The molecule, K+Cl-, is held together by ______ bonds. |
| | A) | ionic |
| | B) | covalent |
| | C) | polar |
| | D) | hydrogen |
| | E) | James |
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15 | |
Atoms such as sodium, potassium, calcium or hydrogen, all gain electrons and become negatively charged. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
If an atom either gains or loses an electron, the atom is called a(an) ______. |
| | A) | element |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | molecule |
| | D) | compound |
| | E) | ion |
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17 | |
Double and triple bonds are ionic bonds where two or three electrons are lost or gained. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Atoms react with one another in order to achieve four electrons in their outer shell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Which type of bond will share electrons between atoms? |
| | A) | ionic |
| | B) | covalent |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | peptide |
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20 | |
When two nonmetal oxygen atoms (atomic number = 8) react with each other, they ______. |
| | A) | each give up two electrons |
| | B) | each take two electrons |
| | C) | each need six electrons |
| | D) | each need eight electrons |
| | E) | share electrons |
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21 | |
Complete this chemical reaction: HCl + NaOH ----------> |
| | A) | NaOH + HCl |
| | B) | HCl + NaCl |
| | C) | NaOH + NaCl |
| | D) | NaCl + HOH |
| | E) | NaCl + HCl |
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22 | |
In this reaction, K + Cl -----> K+Cl-, which element has been reduced? |
| | A) | potassium |
| | B) | chlorine |
| | C) | both potassium and chlorine |
| | D) | sodium |
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23 | |
Oxidation refers to the ______. |
| | A) | loss of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms |
| | B) | loss of electrons and the gain of hydrogen atoms |
| | C) | gain of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms |
| | D) | gain of electrons and the loss of hydrogen atoms |
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24 | |
If there are three pairs of electrons that are shared between two atoms, a(an) ______ is formed. |
| | A) | single bond |
| | B) | double bond |
| | C) | triple bond |
| | D) | ionic bond |
| | E) | hydrogen bond |
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25 | |
Suppose that you have this chemical formula: 5 H2O. Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | There are five molecules of water. |
| | B) | Water is composed of three different kinds of atoms. |
| | C) | There are two atoms of hydrogen for every one atom of oxygen in one water molecule. |
| | D) | There is a total of five oxygen atoms present. |
| | E) | There is a total of 10 hydrogen atoms present. |
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26 | |
An individual water molecule is held together by ______. |
| | A) | ionic bonds |
| | B) | covalent bonds |
| | C) | hydrogen bonds |
| | D) | peptide bonds |
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27 | |
Many water molecules are weakly held together by ______. |
| | A) | ionic bonds |
| | B) | covalent bonds |
| | C) | hydrogen bonds |
| | D) | peptide bonds |
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28 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT a true characteristic of water? |
| | A) | Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to be cohesive. |
| | B) | Without hydrogen bonding, water would be gaseous at room temperature. |
| | C) | Water absorbs a great deal of heat before it evaporates. |
| | D) | Water keeps an animal's body temperature within normal limits. |
| | E) | Because of hydrogen bonding, liquid water is less dense than ice. |
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29 | |
Water, being a nonpolar molecule, acts as a solvent. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
Bases, when added to water, increase the hydrogen ion concentration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
______ are molecules that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions. |
| | A) | Bases |
| | B) | Acids |
| | C) | Salts |
| | D) | Buffers |
| | E) | Carbohydrates |
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32 | |
If the concentration of hydrogen ions was 1 x 10-6,, the pH is ______. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | 10 |
| | C) | 14 |
| | D) | 6 |
| | E) | 4 |
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33 | |
At which pH will the concentration of hydrogen ions be equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions? |
| | A) | pH 1 |
| | B) | pH 5 |
| | C) | pH 7 |
| | D) | pH 9 |
| | E) | pH 14 |
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34 | |
As the pH scale decreases, there is a two-fold increase in hydrogen ion concentration for every pH unit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
When hydrochloric acid, a strong acid, is added to water, the pH of water ______. |
| | A) | goes up |
| | B) | stays the same |
| | C) | goes down |
| | D) | goes first up and then down |
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36 | |
______ are chemicals or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in order to keep the pH constant. |
| | A) | Acids |
| | B) | Bases |
| | C) | Salts |
| | D) | Buffers |
| | E) | Carbohydrates |
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37 | |
Acids have a pH that is greater than 7, whereas bases have a pH that is less than 7. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
If the hydrogen ion concentration in water was 0.0000001, the pH is ______. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | 10 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 7 |
| | E) | 8 |
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39 | |
Which atoms are always found in organic molecules? |
| | A) | carbon and hydrogen |
| | B) | carbon and oxygen |
| | C) | carbon and nitrogen |
| | D) | oxygen and nitrogen |
| | E) | oxygen and hydrogen |
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40 | |
Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | triglyceride |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | water |
| | E) | DNA |
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41 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about organic molecules? |
| | A) | Organic molecules are often associated with living organisms. |
| | B) | Organic molecules always have ionic bonding between atoms. |
| | C) | Organic molecules always contain carbon and hydrogen. |
| | D) | Organic molecules may be quite large, with many atoms. |
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42 | |
Carbohydrates are macromolecules composed of ______ monomers. |
| | A) | amino acid |
| | B) | monosaccharide |
| | C) | glycerol and fatty acid |
| | D) | nucleotide |
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43 | |
______ is the process of splitting of a bond within a larger molecule by the addition of water. |
| | A) | Emulsification |
| | B) | Ionization |
| | C) | Dissociation |
| | D) | Condensation synthesis |
| | E) | Hydrolysis |
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44 | |
______ is the process in which water is removed when two monomers join to form a macromolecule. |
| | A) | Emulsification |
| | B) | Ionization |
| | C) | Dissociation |
| | D) | Condensation synthesis |
| | E) | Hydrolysis |
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45 | |
When dipeptide, disaccharide, and a triglyceride molecules are formed, water molecules are released during the condensation synthesis reaction of each. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides with the same molecular formula C6H12O6. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Glucose is the immediate energy source of the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | |
Pentoses are sugars that have six carbon atoms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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49 | |
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
Maltose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
Which type of organic molecule has the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms of approximately 2:1? |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | lipids |
| | C) | proteins |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | cholesterol |
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52 | |
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all classified as ______. |
| | A) | fatty acids |
| | B) | amino acids |
| | C) | polysaccharides |
| | D) | disaccharides |
| | E) | monosaccharides |
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53 | |
Which type of organic macromolecule is used primarily for energy and structure? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | NaCl |
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54 | |
Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide? |
| | A) | starch |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | sucrose |
| | D) | cellulose |
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55 | |
Which type of carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and accounts in part for the strong nature of these walls? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | starch |
| | C) | cellulose |
| | D) | galactose |
| | E) | ribose |
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56 | |
At room temperature, fats are liquids and oils are solids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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57 | |
Glycerol and fatty acid are the monomers for most ______. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | steroids |
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58 | |
______ occurs when an oil droplet is dispersed in water. |
| | A) | Ionization |
| | B) | Saturation |
| | C) | Emulsification |
| | D) | Dissociation |
| | E) | Oxidation |
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59 | |
A saturated fatty acid contains more ______ atoms than the same unsaturated fatty acid. |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | nitrogen |
| | D) | phosphorus |
| | E) | hydrogen |
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60 | |
When glycerol combines with three fatty acids, a (an) ______ molecule results. |
| | A) | steroid |
| | B) | phospholipid |
| | C) | monoglyceride |
| | D) | triglyceride |
| | E) | tripeptide |
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61 | |
______ are lipids containing phosphorus that are very important in cell membranes. |
| | A) | Glycerol |
| | B) | Fatty acids |
| | C) | Triglycerides |
| | D) | Steroids |
| | E) | Phospholipids |
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62 | |
A soap is a salt formed from an amino acid and an inorganic base. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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63 | |
Which type of organic molecule is used for long-term energy storage, insulation against heat loss, and forms a protective cushion around major organs? |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | fats |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | salts |
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64 | |
Which type of lipid has four fused carbon rings? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | triglyceride |
| | C) | phospholipid |
| | D) | DNA |
| | E) | maltose |
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65 | |
Fats do not mix with water because they are polar molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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66 | |
Which of the following molecules is NOT a steroid? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | aldosterone |
| | C) | testosterone |
| | D) | estrogen |
| | E) | phospholipid |
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67 | |
Which type of organic macromolecule represents a source of cell steroids and yet is found within membranes? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | cholesterol |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | water |
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68 | |
The polar portion of the phospholipid molecule (head) is soluble in water, whereas the two hydrocarbon chains (tails) are not. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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69 | |
A (An) ______ has a hydrocarbon chain (a string of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached) and ends with the acid group -COOH. |
| | A) | amino acid |
| | B) | fatty acid |
| | C) | steroid |
| | D) | phospholipid |
| | E) | monosaccharide |
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70 | |
Proteins are polymers of ______. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | nucleotides |
| | C) | glycerol and fatty acid |
| | D) | monosaccharides |
| | E) | disaccharides |
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71 | |
Amino acids are the same except for their R group. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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72 | |
What is the name of this functional group: -COOH ? |
| | A) | amino group |
| | B) | acidic group |
| | C) | hydrogen bond |
| | D) | peptide bond |
| | E) | saturated group |
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73 | |
The bond that occurs between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid is termed a (an) ______ bond. |
| | A) | hydrogen |
| | B) | weak |
| | C) | peptide |
| | D) | ionic |
| | E) | covalent |
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74 | |
A ______ is a string of 100-1000 amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
| | A) | dipeptide |
| | B) | tripeptide |
| | C) | polypeptide |
| | D) | protein |
| | E) | nucleotide |
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75 | |
Which of the following types of organic molecules have their monomers joined by a peptide bond? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | lipids |
| | C) | carbohydrates |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | salts |
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76 | |
Oxygen and hydrogen atoms associated with a peptide bond share electrons in such a way that the oxygen carries a partial positive charge and the hydrogen carries a partial negative charge. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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77 | |
Which type of organic molecule sometimes has a structural role and may act as an enzyme? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | lipids |
| | C) | carbohydrates |
| | D) | DNA |
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78 | |
When a strong acid is added to milk, the milk curdles. This is an example of protein denaturation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | |
When proteins are exposed to extreme pH, they can undergo an irreversible change in shape. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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80 | |
What is the final three-dimensional shape of a protein called? |
| | A) | quaternary structure |
| | B) | tertiary structure |
| | C) | secondary structure |
| | D) | primary structure |
| | E) | molecular structure |
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81 | |
The _______ structure of a protein is the linear sequence of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
| | A) | quaternary |
| | B) | tertiary |
| | C) | secondary |
| | D) | primary |
| | E) | molecular |
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82 | |
Hemoglobin is a complex protein having a quaternary structure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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83 | |
The ______ structure of a protein comes about when the polypeptide chain takes a particular orientation in space. |
| | A) | quaternary |
| | B) | tertiary |
| | C) | primary |
| | D) | secondary |
| | E) | ionized |
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84 | |
What are the components of a nucleotide? |
| | A) | glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride |
| | B) | amino acid, fatty acid, phosphate |
| | C) | phosphate, glucose, fatty acid |
| | D) | phosphate, hexose sugar, nitrogen-containing base |
| | E) | phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen-containing base |
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85 | |
When nucleotide monomers join together, the ______ polymer is formed. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrate |
| | C) | lipid |
| | D) | nucleic acid |
| | E) | cholesterol |
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86 | |
The backbone of a nucleic acid is composed of ______. |
| | A) | the nitrogen bases |
| | B) | sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc. |
| | C) | sugar-phosphate-base-sugar-phosphate-base, etc. |
| | D) | sugar-base-sugar-base, etc. |
| | E) | the R groups |
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87 | |
______ molecules are characterized by having two strands of nucleotide polymers held together by hydrogen bonds. |
| | A) | Dipeptide |
| | B) | Disaccharide |
| | C) | Diglyceride |
| | D) | RNA |
| | E) | DNA |
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88 | |
Which organic macromolecules are used for reproduction and to control protein synthesis? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
| | E) | salts |
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89 | |
Which molecule functions as an energy carrier in cells? |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | RNA |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | glucose |
| | E) | fatty acid |
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90 | |
Which pair below is mismatched? |
| | A) | amino acid-protein |
| | B) | glycerol-glycogen |
| | C) | glucose-starch |
| | D) | phosphoric acid-nucleotide |
| | E) | fatty acid-lipid |
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