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1 | |
Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called ______. |
| | A) | loci |
| | B) | alleles |
| | C) | chromatids |
| | D) | mutations |
| | E) | genotypes |
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2 | |
Gregor Mendel worked with _______. |
| | A) | humans |
| | B) | rats |
| | C) | fruit flies |
| | D) | pea plants |
| | E) | corn |
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3 | |
Mendel reasoned that an individual has ______ factor(s) for every trait. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
| | E) | any number of |
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4 | |
Mendel also reasoned that gametes contain ______ factor(s) for every trait. |
| | A) | only one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
| | E) | any number of |
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5 | |
The genetic factors ______ during the formation of the gametes. |
| | A) | combine or fuse |
| | B) | duplicate many times |
| | C) | segregate |
| | D) | disappear |
| | E) | express |
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6 | |
Fertilization gives each new individual two factors for each trait. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
A capital letter indicates a/an ______ allele. |
| | A) | inferior |
| | B) | dominant |
| | C) | superior |
| | D) | recessive |
| | E) | mutant |
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8 | |
A recessive allele is expressed if there is no dominant allele present. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
______ means that the two members of the allelic pair in the zygote are the same. |
| | A) | Homozygous |
| | B) | Heterozygous |
| | C) | Codominant |
| | D) | Dominant |
| | E) | Recessive |
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10 | |
______ means that the members of the allelic pair are different. |
| | A) | Recessive |
| | B) | Homozygous |
| | C) | Allelopathic |
| | D) | Codominant |
| | E) | Heterozygous |
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11 | |
The physical characteristics of the individual is called the phenotype. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
It is possible to tell if an individual with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous by inspection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The members of each allelic pair separate during _________. |
| | A) | meiosis |
| | B) | mitosis |
| | C) | either meiosis or mitosis |
| | D) | fertilization |
| | E) | hybridization |
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14 | |
___________ are heterozygous for only one pair of alleles. |
| | A) | Autosomal dominants |
| | B) | Sex-linked traits |
| | C) | Test crosses |
| | D) | Dihybrids |
| | E) | Monohybrids |
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15 | |
The expected ratio for a monohybrid cross is _______. |
| | A) | 1:1 |
| | B) | 2:1 |
| | C) | 3:1 |
| | D) | 9:3:3:1 |
| | E) | 12:6:6:4 |
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16 | |
If a child has a characteristic that neither parent has, the characteristic ____________. |
| | A) | is dominant |
| | B) | is recessive |
| | C) | must be a mutation |
| | D) | is not genetic but must have been acquired |
| | E) | is a complex of more than one gene and must be further tested |
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17 | |
When solving genetic problems it is assumed that all possible types of sperm fertilize all possible types of eggs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
A testcross occurs when an individual with the dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual having the recessive phenotype. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
A testcross is used to test if the individual showing a dominant gene is heterozygous or homozygous. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Segregation occurs because ______ chromosomes separate during meiosis. |
| | A) | heterozygous |
| | B) | homozygous |
| | C) | homologous |
| | D) | dominant and recessive |
| | E) | linked |
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21 | |
Independent ______ occurs because each pair of homologous chromosomes separate independently of the others. |
| | A) | segregation |
| | B) | conjugation |
| | C) | assortment |
| | D) | differentiation |
| | E) | linkage |
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22 | |
All alleles on the same chromosome are said to form a/an ______ group. |
| | A) | segregation |
| | B) | conjugation |
| | C) | assortment |
| | D) | differentiation |
| | E) | linkage |
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23 | |
The law of independent assortment states that _________. |
| | A) | each pair of factors segregate independently of other pairs |
| | B) | all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes |
| | C) | both 1 and 2 are true. |
| | D) | genetic traits are independent of the genes on the chromosome |
| | E) | any assortment of genes is possible regardless of the parents genes |
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24 | |
When doing a two-trait cross, the genotypes of the parents require how many letters? |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
| | E) | eight |
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25 | |
A ______ is when the individual is heterozygous at two genes. |
| | A) | monohybrid |
| | B) | dihybrid |
| | C) | trihybrid |
| | D) | bi-local hybrid |
| | E) | mutant |
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26 | |
A 9:3:3:1 ______ ratio is expected for a dihybrid cross when simple dominance is present. |
| | A) | genotypic |
| | B) | dominance |
| | C) | phenotypic |
| | D) | polymorphic |
| | E) | backcross |
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27 | |
A two-trait testcross occurs when an individual with the dominant phenotype for two traits is crossed with a homozygous recessive for both traits. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
If any of the offspring of a two-trait testcross has a recessive phenotype, the parent with the dominant phenotype must be ______ for that trait. |
| | A) | homozygous |
| | B) | heterozygous |
| | C) | dominant |
| | D) | homozygous recessive |
| | E) | missing genes |
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29 | |
Carriers have a normal phenotype but are capable of having a child with a genetic disorder. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
If a child has a dominant characteristic, neither parent has to have the characteristic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
When a trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles, possibly located on many different pairs of chromosomes, it is called _____ inheritance. |
| | A) | dihybrid |
| | B) | incompletely dominant |
| | C) | polyphenotypic |
| | D) | polygenic |
| | E) | Mendelian |
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32 | |
The common distribution of phenotypes for polygenic traits is a pattern of _____. |
| | A) | 3:1 |
| | B) | 9:3:3:1 |
| | C) | all or nothing |
| | D) | a bell-shaped curve |
| | E) | even continuous variation |
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33 | |
Polygenic traits probably include _________. |
| | A) | skin color |
| | B) | height |
| | C) | behavior |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | Mendel's pea plants |
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34 | |
ABO alleles determine the presence or absence of ______ on the red blood cells. |
| | A) | hemoglobins |
| | B) | antibodies |
| | C) | antigens |
| | D) | plasma membranes |
| | E) | nuclei |
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35 | |
Type O blood results from the inheritance of ______ . |
| | A) | two O alleles or one O allele and one A or B allele because O is dominant |
| | B) | one A and one B allele that cancel each other out to produce O type blood |
| | C) | two A or B alleles since this produces an O complex |
| | D) | two O alleles and they are recessive |
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36 | |
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome in humans is __________. |
| | A) | an autosome |
| | B) | a chromatid |
| | C) | a sex-influenced trait |
| | D) | an asexual chromosome |
| | E) | of little importance in the development of organisms |
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37 | |
Many genes on the sex chromosomes have nothing to do with sexual development. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Most sex-linked genes are on the ______ chromosome. |
| | A) | X |
| | B) | Y |
| | C) | both are equal |
| | D) | There are no genes on these chromosomes |
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39 | |
A carrier female is normal but capable of passing on an allele for color blindness. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
In sex-linked color blindness, the more commonly found are _________. |
| | A) | color-blind females |
| | B) | color-blind males |
| | C) | both are about equal |
| | D) | Color blindness is unrelated to sex-linkage. |
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41 | |
A male inherits the color-blind allele from _________. |
| | A) | his father |
| | B) | his mother |
| | C) | either parent |
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42 | |
In sex-linked color blindness, the daughter of a heterozygous woman and a normal man will be _________. |
| | A) | color-blind |
| | B) | normal |
| | C) | both are possible |
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43 | |
In sex-linked color blindness, the son of a heterozygous woman and a normal man has what chance of being color blind? |
| | A) | 0% |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 100% |
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44 | |
The genes on the chromosome are arranged in a definite sequence. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
Mendel's law of independent assortment would NOT hold for linked genes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
Traits controlled by linked genes tend to be inherited together. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Regarding autosomal recessive genetic disorders, most affected children have parents with the disorder. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | |
With autosomal recessive genetic disorders, heterozygotes have a ______ phenotype. |
| | A) | normal |
| | B) | recessive |
| | C) | homozygous |
| | D) | hidden |
| | E) | variable |
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49 | |
With autosomal recessive disorders, if two parents have the disorder, the children have what chance of having the disorder? |
| | A) | no chance |
| | B) | 50% |
| | C) | 100% |
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50 | |
With autosomal recessive genetic disorders, males and females are affected with equal frequency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
Huntington disease ________. |
| | A) | causes tumors |
| | B) | causes the brain to degenerate |
| | C) | affects the liver |
| | D) | affects less than one in a million persons |
| | E) | is a recessive disorder |
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52 | |
Individuals with Huntington disease show symptoms at birth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | |
Regarding Huntington disease, which of the following is true? |
| | A) | The gene is located on chromosome 4. |
| | B) | It is an autosomal dominant disorder. |
| | C) | Affected persons have many more repeats of the amino acid glutamine. |
| | D) | There is no effective treatment. |
| | E) | All of the above are correct. |
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54 | |
Normally a child with a dominant trait does NOT have a parent with the trait. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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55 | |
Autosomal recessive genetic disorder(s) include(s) ________. |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis |
| | B) | Tay-Sachs disease |
| | C) | phenylketonuria (PKU) |
| | D) | all of the above |
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56 | |
________ is the most common lethal genetic disease among Caucasians in the United States. |
| | A) | Tay-Sachs |
| | B) | Huntington disease |
| | C) | Cystic fibrosis |
| | D) | Neurofibromatosis |
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57 | |
Children with cystic fibrosis have a thick and viscous fluid in the lungs and digestive tract. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
In cystic fibrosis, patients' fluoride ions fail to pass through cell membrane channel proteins. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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59 | |
Lack of ______ in the lungs leads to thick mucus in cystic fibrosis patients. |
| | A) | alveoli |
| | B) | air |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | muscle tissue |
| | E) | genetic material |
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60 | |
Tay-Sachs disease is of higher incidence among Jewish people in the United States. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | |
Tay-Sachs disease is due to a lack of the enzyme Hex ______. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | T-S |
| | C) | peroxidase |
| | D) | lipase |
| | E) | PKU |
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62 | |
Individuals with PKU must be on a diet low in phenylalanine throughout their lives. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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