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1 | |
Viruses have a cellular organization. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Viruses range in size from _________. |
| | A) | under 2 nm |
| | B) | under 200 nm |
| | C) | 200-500 nm |
| | D) | 500-900 nm |
| | E) | bacterial to eukaryotic cells |
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3 | |
Viruses are composed of two parts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
Viruses __________ . |
| | A) | have a protein core and nucleic acid coat |
| | B) | have a protein coat and nucleic acid core |
| | C) | have a cell nucleus inside a bacterial shell |
| | D) | have a nucleic acid very different from their host cell |
| | E) | lack enzymes necessary for nucleic acid replication |
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5 | |
Viruses are classified by ____________. |
| | A) | viral size and shape |
| | B) | type of nucleic acid, including to whether the nucleic acid is single- or double-stranded |
| | C) | presence or absence of an outer envelope |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | none of the above since viruses are not living organisms and therefore cannot be classified |
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6 | |
Viruses cause infections in bacteria and animals but not in plants. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
A virus takes over the ____________ of the host cell when it reproduces. |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | metabolic machinery |
| | D) | respiratory pathway |
| | E) | osmotic functions |
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8 | |
______ are viruses that reproduce inside bacteria. |
| | A) | Adenoviruses |
| | B) | Retroviruses |
| | C) | Oncoviruses |
| | D) | Bacteriophages |
| | E) | HIV |
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9 | |
The lytic cycle of bacteriophages has four stages. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
In the lytic cycle, _____________ on the capsid combine with a receptor on a bacterial cell wall to fit together as a key fits a lock. |
| | A) | attachment sites |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | reverse transcriptase |
| | D) | cDNA |
| | E) | RNA |
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11 | |
Viral DNA enters a bacterial cell by way of endocytosis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
During ______ viral DNA and capsids are assembled to produce several hundred viral particles. |
| | A) | attachment |
| | B) | penetration |
| | C) | biosynthesis |
| | D) | maturation |
| | E) | release |
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13 | |
Some differences between animal viral reproduction and bacteriophages are _______. |
| | A) | animal viruses enter by endocytosis |
| | B) | the entire virus enters and the genome undergoes uncoating |
| | C) | viral release involves budding |
| | D) | the viral particle acquires a membranous envelope by budding |
| | E) | all of the above |
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14 | |
An animal virus envelope partially consists of _________. |
| | A) | oncogenes |
| | B) | host plasma membrane receptors |
| | C) | reverse transcriptase |
| | D) | host DNA |
| | E) | animal cell nuclear membrane |
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15 | |
Budding always results in the death of the host cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
HIV, which causes AIDS, is an adenovirus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are ________. |
| | A) | oncogenes |
| | B) | phage |
| | C) | prions |
| | D) | viroids |
| | E) | naked viruses |
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18 | |
Protein particles that cause diseases by converting other protein's tertiary structure are ________. |
| | A) | oncogenes |
| | B) | phage |
| | C) | prions |
| | D) | viroids |
| | E) | bacteria |
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19 | |
Diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease, are caused by ________. |
| | A) | oncogenes |
| | B) | phage |
| | C) | prions |
| | D) | viroids |
| | E) | bacteria |
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20 | |
Prokaryotic cells are among the largest of cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Prokaryotic cells have DNA, but it is contained within a ___________. |
| | A) | nucleus with a nuclear envelope |
| | B) | nucleoid which has no nuclear envelope |
| | C) | mesosome |
| | D) | ribosome |
| | E) | fimbriae |
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22 | |
Prokaryotic cells lack __________. |
| | A) | a nucleus |
| | B) | ribosomes |
| | C) | respiratory enzymes |
| | D) | a plasma membrane |
| | E) | all of the above |
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23 | |
Bacteria that are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen are ________. |
| | A) | facultative anaerobes |
| | B) | obligate anaerobes |
| | C) | aerobic |
| | D) | mutualistic |
| | E) | saprotrophs |
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24 | |
Bacteria that are heterotrophic by absorption are ________. |
| | A) | facultative anaerobes |
| | B) | obligate anaerobes |
| | C) | aerobic |
| | D) | mutualistic |
| | E) | saprotrophs |
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25 | |
Most bacteria are ________ because they require a constant supply of oxygen. |
| | A) | facultative anaerobes |
| | B) | obligate anaerobes |
| | C) | aerobic |
| | D) | mutualistic |
| | E) | saprotrophs |
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26 | |
Bacteria have short, fine, hairlike appendages called ______. |
| | A) | mesosomes |
| | B) | plasmids |
| | C) | flagella |
| | D) | spirilla |
| | E) | fimbriae |
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27 | |
The earliest bacteria were ____________. |
| | A) | aerobic |
| | B) | Archaea |
| | C) | true Bacteria |
| | D) | gram-positive |
| | E) | symbiotic |
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28 | |
Archaea include ____________. |
| | A) | gram-positive, gram-negative and wall-less bacteria |
| | B) | methanogens, halophiles and thermoacidophiles |
| | C) | mutualistic, parasitic and commensalistic bacteria |
| | D) | obligate and facultative anaerobes |
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29 | |
Bacteria have a cell wall containing _________. |
| | A) | amino sugars cross-linked by peptide chains |
| | B) | a double layer of phospholipids |
| | C) | a capsule of pure protein |
| | D) | a plasmid membrane |
| | E) | prions |
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30 | |
Some bacteria are obligate anaerobes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Obligate anaerobes can only grow in the presence of oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
Bacteria that are NOT anaerobes are ______ bacteria. |
| | A) | aerobic |
| | B) | obligate |
| | C) | symbiotic |
| | D) | saprotrophic |
| | E) | thermoacidophilic |
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33 | |
Oxygen is required by cells to carry out __________. |
| | A) | digestion |
| | B) | reproduction |
| | C) | parasitism |
| | D) | decomposition |
| | E) | cellular respiration |
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34 | |
Chemosynthesis is a type of nutrition requiring ____________. |
| | A) | inorganic compounds |
| | B) | organic compounds |
| | C) | any type of compound |
| | D) | any chemicals |
| | E) | light energy |
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35 | |
Most types of bacteria are ________________ . |
| | A) | chemosynthetic by ingestion |
| | B) | heterotrophic by ingestion |
| | C) | chemosynthetic by absorption |
| | D) | heterotrophic by absorption |
| | E) | autotrophic by absorption |
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36 | |
Saprotrophs are organisms that carry on internal digestion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Mutualistic bacteria are beneficial to humans or other organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Bacteria occur in which basic shape(s)? |
| | A) | rod |
| | B) | spherical |
| | C) | spiral |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | spherical, cuboidal and columnar |
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39 | |
Some bacteria grow into clusters or chains. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
Formerly, cyanobacteria were called ___________ . |
| | A) | methanogens |
| | B) | halophiles |
| | C) | thermoacidophiles |
| | D) | blue-green algae |
| | E) | archeobacteria |
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41 | |
Methanogens are believed to be responsible for first introducing oxygen into the primitive atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
The terms Archaea and Bacteria mean ___________. |
| | A) | aerobic and anaerobic bacteria |
| | B) | gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria |
| | C) | ancient and more recent bacteria |
| | D) | harmless and disease bacteria |
| | E) | independent and symbiotic bacteria |
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43 | |
Cyanobacteria are ____________. |
| | A) | unicellular |
| | B) | filamentous |
| | C) | colonial |
| | D) | rather large, gram-negative rods |
| | E) | any of the above |
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44 | |
Cyanobacteria move by the use of flagella. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
Cyanobacteria have the ability to photosynthesize and also make use of atmospheric ______. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | methane |
| | D) | nitrogen |
| | E) | ozone |
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46 | |
The first moneran fossil dated to be 3.5 billion years old is believed to be a/an ______. |
| | A) | archean |
| | B) | methanogen |
| | C) | halogen |
| | D) | cyanobacterium |
| | E) | plant |
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47 | |
Bacteria reproduce asexually. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | |
Binary fission is a form of ______ reproduction. |
| | A) | reverse |
| | B) | meiotic |
| | C) | gamete |
| | D) | sexual |
| | E) | asexual |
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49 | |
Chromosomes are NOT involved in binary fission. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
In binary fission, the chromosomes are __________. |
| | A) | duplicated |
| | B) | separated |
| | C) | split in two |
| | D) | all of the above |
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51 | |
Bacteria exchange DNA by ____________. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | transduction |
| | D) | all of the above |
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52 | |
DNA passing to a female cell by way of a sex pilus is called transformation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | |
DNA is released into the outside medium by live bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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54 | |
Bacteriophages are involved in the exchange of DNA among bacteria by _________. |
| | A) | conjugation |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | transduction |
| | D) | all of the above |
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55 | |
Endospores are formed by bacteria _______________. |
| | A) | to rapidly reproduce when food is plentiful |
| | B) | under unfavorable environmental conditions |
| | C) | to prevent infection by viruses |
| | D) | to become resistant to antibiotics |
| | E) | as a normal day-to-day method of living |
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56 | |
Endospores contain _______________. |
| | A) | huge numbers of sperm or eggs |
| | B) | a mixture of bacterial and viral DNA |
| | C) | a portion of cytoplasm and a copy of the chromosome |
| | D) | food storage as an expanded portion of cytoplasm |
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57 | |
Following endospore production, the remainder of the bacterial cell is saved for future need along with the endospore. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
The endospore again becomes a bacterial cell when environmental conditions are suitable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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59 | |
Significant bacterial diseases include such human infections as ________. |
| | A) | strep throat |
| | B) | diphtheria |
| | C) | typhoid fever |
| | D) | gonorrhea |
| | E) | all of the above |
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60 | |
An antibiotic is a drug that selectively kills ______________. |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | bacteria |
| | C) | fungi |
| | D) | all of the above |
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61 | |
Groups in the Kingdom Protista include __________. |
| | A) | protozoa |
| | B) | algae |
| | C) | slime molds |
| | D) | water molds |
| | E) | all of the above |
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62 | |
The life cycle(s) of protists is/are ___________. |
| | A) | haplontic cycle |
| | B) | alternation of generations |
| | C) | diplontic cycle |
| | D) | all of the above |
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63 | |
Chlamydomonas has chloroplasts containing a pyrenoid, a body used for reproduction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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64 | |
Sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas does NOT involve gametes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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65 | |
The seaweed observed on the shoreline in the north temperate zone is actually ______ ______. |
| | A) | green algae |
| | B) | blue-green algae |
| | C) | dinoflagellates |
| | D) | brown algae |
| | E) | an advanced plant |
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66 | |
The brown algae does NOT go out with the tide because it is anchored by ______. |
| | A) | holdfasts |
| | B) | roots |
| | C) | stolons |
| | D) | rhizomes |
| | E) | tubers |
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67 | |
"Red tide" is caused by __________. |
| | A) | a virus |
| | B) | a sporozoan |
| | C) | dinoflagellates |
| | D) | ameboids |
| | E) | all of the above |
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68 | |
______ are unicellular golden brown algae with a glass cell wall made in two halves. |
| | A) | Red algae |
| | B) | Sporozoans |
| | C) | Dinoflagellates |
| | D) | Ameboids |
| | E) | Diatoms |
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69 | |
__________ are among the most numerous of all unicellular algae in the oceans and produce a major portion of the earth's oxygen supply. |
| | A) | Red algae |
| | B) | Sporozoans |
| | C) | Dinoflagellates |
| | D) | Ameboids |
| | E) | Diatoms |
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70 | |
All euglenoid flagellates have chloroplasts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | |
Where photosynthesis takes place in euglenoid flagellates, the pyrenoids produce ________. |
| | A) | the usual starch granules |
| | B) | an unusual carbohydrate polymer called paramylon not seen in green algae |
| | C) | pure sugar |
| | D) | complex proteins |
| | E) | chlorophyll only |
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72 | |
Protozoa are merely unicellular animals that undergo embryonic development. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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73 | |
Protozoa are classified according to mode of reproduction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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74 | |
Amoeboids often have no definite shape and move and engulf prey by a cytoplasmic extension called a ______. |
| | A) | food vacuole |
| | B) | contractile vacuole |
| | C) | trypanosome |
| | D) | pseudopod |
| | E) | trichocyst |
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75 | |
The structures within an amoeba include _________. |
| | A) | food vacuoles |
| | B) | contractile vacuoles |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | cytoplasm |
| | E) | all of the above |
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76 | |
The ciliates move by means of cilia, which project through tiny holes in an outer covering called a ______. |
| | A) | trichocyst |
| | B) | pellicle |
| | C) | anal pore |
| | D) | contractile vacuole |
| | E) | trypanosome |
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77 | |
Some ciliates have trichocysts, which are used for digestion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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78 | |
Ciliates have one nucleus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | |
A macronucleus controls the normal ______ of the cell. |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | reproduction |
| | C) | respiration |
| | D) | locomotion |
| | E) | water balance |
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80 | |
Micronuclei are exchanged during sexual reproduction in ciliates. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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81 | |
Zooflagellates ______. |
| | A) | move by means of flagella |
| | B) | often enter into symbiotic relationships such as digesting wood in the gut of a termite |
| | C) | include the agent that causes sleeping sickness |
| | D) | include the sexually transmitted disease Trichomonas vaginalis |
| | E) | all of the above |
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82 | |
The life cycle of sporozoa involves the formation of spores at some time in their life cycle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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83 | |
Slime molds are like fungi because both are heterotrophic by ingestion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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84 | |
Malaria is transferred to humans by mosquitos. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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85 | |
Slime molds and water molds have some fungus-like characteristics but differ in important traits. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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86 | |
Slime molds share which characteristic(s) with fungus? |
| | A) | both produce plasmodia that are multinucleated cytoplasmic masses |
| | B) | both produce spores when conditions are unfavorable for growth |
| | C) | both have vegetative states that are filamentous |
| | D) | both are heterotrophic by ingestion |
| | E) | both share all of the above features |
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87 | |
Water molds share which characteristic(s) with fungus? |
| | A) | both are saprophytic and have a filamentous body |
| | B) | both have a diplontic life cycle |
| | C) | both have a haplontic life cycle |
| | D) | both are heterotrophic by ingestion |
| | E) | both produce plasmodia that are multinucleated cytoplasmic masses |
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88 | |
Fungi are ___________. |
| | A) | heterotrophic by absorption |
| | B) | multicellular |
| | C) | eukaryotic |
| | D) | all of the above |
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89 | |
The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filaments called hyphae. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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90 | |
A network of hyphae in fungi is called a ______. |
| | A) | slime mold |
| | B) | plasmodium |
| | C) | ascus |
| | D) | sporangium |
| | E) | mycelium |
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91 | |
During sexual reproduction, the black bread molds use the ends of two hyphae called male and the female. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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92 | |
Immediately after zygospore formation, meiosis occurs in black bread molds. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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93 | |
The diploid stage in black bread molds consists of ____________. |
| | A) | the thick-walled zygospore |
| | B) | the mycelium mass |
| | C) | the asexual spores or sporangiospores |
| | D) | each plus and minus hyphae strands |
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94 | |
Yeasts are ______ . |
| | A) | slime molds |
| | B) | sac fungi |
| | C) | club fungi |
| | D) | imperfect fungi |
| | E) | lichens |
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95 | |
Yeasts usually reproduce sexually. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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96 | |
Club fungi type(s) include ___________. |
| | A) | the mushroom |
| | B) | the puffball |
| | C) | the shelf or bracket fungi |
| | D) | stinkhorns |
| | E) | all of the above |
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97 | |
The visible portion of the club fungi are the mycelia. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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98 | |
A lichen is a ______ relationship between a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. |
| | A) | saprophytic |
| | B) | strictly parasitic |
| | C) | predatory |
| | D) | symbiotic |
| | E) | competitive |
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99 | |
Lichens are found only in the Arctic ecosystem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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100 | |
"Imperfect fungi" are called "imperfect" because they ___________. |
| | A) | have a mixed haplontic-diplontic stage |
| | B) | cause many diseases |
| | C) | do not have the features of fungi |
| | D) | possess many errors or imperfections |
| | E) | have not been classified since no sexual stage has been identified |
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101 | |
"Imperfect fungi" cause ___________. |
| | A) | athlete's foot |
| | B) | Candida albicans or thrush |
| | C) | "ringworm" |
| | D) | all of the above |
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102 | |
A retrovirus has ______ genes. |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | bacterial |
| | D) | defective |
| | E) | no |
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