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1 | |
The fundamental unit of life is the ______. |
| | A) | organism |
| | B) | organ system |
| | C) | organ |
| | D) | tissue |
| | E) | cell |
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2 | |
Which type of microscope uses electrons to provide a three-dimensional view of the surface of the object? |
| | A) | light microscope |
| | B) | transmission electron microscope |
| | C) | scanning electron microscope |
| | D) | scanning-probe microscope |
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3 | |
Which type of microscope has a useful magnification limit of about 1,000X? |
| | A) | light microscope |
| | B) | transmission electron microscope |
| | C) | scanning electron microscope |
| | D) | scanning-probe microscope |
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4 | |
______ is the capacity to distinguish between two adjacent points. |
| | A) | Magnification |
| | B) | Resolving power |
| | C) | Ionization |
| | D) | Emulsification |
| | E) | Multiplication |
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5 | |
Electrons have a shorter wavelength than visible light and therefore will have a lower resolving power. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
"TEM" refers to a photomicrograph taken by a ______. |
| | A) | light microscope |
| | B) | triple emission microscope |
| | C) | scanning electron microscope |
| | D) | transmission electron microscope |
| | E) | telephoto electroplating machine |
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7 | |
A picture taken by a scanning electron microscope is called a SEM. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of atoms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| | A) | Cell walls are found in plants but not in animals. |
| | B) | Cell walls are found inside the plasma membrane of a cell. |
| | C) | The main constituent of a primary cell wall is cellulose molecules. |
| | D) | Secondary cell walls contain lignin, a substance that makes them stronger than primary cell walls. |
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11 | |
The ______ membrane separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding environment. |
| | A) | plasma |
| | B) | nuclear |
| | C) | Golgi |
| | D) | mitochondrial |
| | E) | lysosomal |
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12 | |
Which of the following organelles has a double membrane with pores? |
| | A) | lysosome |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | nucleus |
| | E) | chloroplast |
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13 | |
The information center of the cell is the ______. |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | chloroplast |
| | C) | nucleoli |
| | D) | nucleus |
| | E) | lysosome |
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14 | |
A threadlike material called chromatin is located within the ______. |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | nucleolus |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | lysosome |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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15 | |
Where is ribosomal RNA produced? |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | chloroplasts |
| | C) | lysosomes |
| | D) | Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | nucleoli |
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16 | |
______ is the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. |
| | A) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | Ribosomes |
| | D) | Lysosomes |
| | E) | Mitochondria |
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17 | |
Ribosomes are small, dense granules composed of three subunits. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Polyribosomes are groups of ribosomes occurring free within the cytoplasm. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
At the time of cell division, rodlike structures called chromatin will form within the nucleus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Which type of organelle forms a membranous system of tubular canals, which is continuous with the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm? |
| | A) | lysosome |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | microtubules |
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21 | |
Which organelle produces steroid hormones in the testes and adrenal cortex while detoxifying alcohol in the liver? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | ribosomes |
| | C) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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22 | |
Which organelle contains enzymes that modify proteins and lipids? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | peroxisomes |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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23 | |
Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export or repackaging elsewhere? |
| | A) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | free ribosomes |
| | D) | lysosomes |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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24 | |
What is the correct organelle sequence for the export of material out of a cell? |
| | A) | rough ER --> smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | smooth ER --> rough ER --> Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | rough ER --> Golgi apparatus --> smooth ER |
| | D) | smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus --> rough ER |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus --> rough ER --> smooth ER |
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25 | |
Which organelle looks like a stack of hollow pancakes? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | chloroplast |
| | D) | Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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26 | |
The ______ functions in the packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules produced by the ER. |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | centrioles |
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27 | |
Which plant organelles function as storage areas for water, sugars, salts, pigments, and toxic substances? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | vesicles |
| | C) | vacuoles |
| | D) | Golgi apparatuses |
| | E) | mitochondria |
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28 | |
Which plant organelle will provide added support to the cell? |
| | A) | vacuole |
| | B) | vesicle |
| | C) | chloroplast |
| | D) | lysosomes |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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29 | |
Lysosomes are vesicles formed by the ______. |
| | A) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | ribosomes |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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30 | |
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules? |
| | A) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | lysosomes |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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31 | |
Which organelle is used when the fingers of a human embryo are at first webbed but later freed from one another? |
| | A) | rough ER |
| | B) | microtubules |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | lysosome |
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32 | |
A metabolic disorder involving a missing or inactive enzyme is found in the ______ produced by the _______. |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | ribosomes, nucleolus |
| | C) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | lysosomes, Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | mitochondria, plasma membrane |
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33 | |
Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells than in animal cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
A vesicle is a large membrane-enclosed sac; a vacuole a small membrane-enclosed sac. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The inner face of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the nucleus and receives incoming molecules for export. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Study this reaction: carbohydrate + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water + energy. This chemical transformation is called ______. |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | aerobic cellular respiration |
| | C) | anaerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
| | E) | the endosymbiotic theory |
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37 | |
Study this reaction: energy + carbon dioxide + water ----> carbohydrate + oxygen. This chemical transformation is called ______. |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | aerobic cellular respiration |
| | C) | anaerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
| | E) | the endosymbiotic theory |
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38 | |
Which organelle is responsible for this chemical transformation: energy + carbon dioxide + water ----> carbohydrate + oxygen? |
| | A) | lysosome |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | chloroplast |
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39 | |
Which organelle is responsible for the process of photosynthesis? |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | chloroplasts |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | cilia |
| | E) | lysosomes |
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40 | |
Which process produces carbohydrates and releases oxygen? |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | aerobic cellular respiration |
| | C) | anaerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
| | E) | autodigestion |
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41 | |
Which process burns carbohydrates and releases carbon dioxide and water? |
| | A) | autodigestion |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | aerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | photosynthesis |
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42 | |
A picture from an electron microscope showed a structure that had a double membrane, flattened sacs piled up like stacks of coins, and a fluid-filled space. Such an organelle would be called a ______. |
| | A) | mitochondrion |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | chloroplast |
| | D) | lysosome |
| | E) | Golgi apparatus |
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43 | |
The fluid-filled space that surrounds the cristae within a mitochondrion is called a ______. |
| | A) | thylakoid |
| | B) | stroma |
| | C) | matrix |
| | D) | grana |
| | E) | vacuole |
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44 | |
Which of the following is an energy-related organelle? |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | centriole |
| | C) | lysosome |
| | D) | nucleolus |
| | E) | chloroplast |
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45 | |
Cristae are structures found in the ______. |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | chloroplast |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | lysosome |
| | E) | centriole |
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46 | |
Which organelle would be called the powerhouse of the cell because of its role in cellular respiration? |
| | A) | chloroplast |
| | B) | mitochondrion |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | lysosome |
| | E) | actin fiber |
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47 | |
The fluid-filled space about the grana in chloroplasts is called the ______. |
| | A) | thylakoid |
| | B) | stroma |
| | C) | matrix |
| | D) | cristae |
| | E) | vacuole |
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48 | |
______ is a green pigment found within grana that makes chloroplasts and leaves green. |
| | A) | Cellulose |
| | B) | Ribosomal RNA |
| | C) | Actin |
| | D) | Hemoglobin |
| | E) | Chlorophyll |
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49 | |
Which molecule absorbs solar energy so that chloroplasts can convert the solar energy into ATP molecules? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | chlorophyll |
| | D) | glucose |
| | E) | DNA |
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50 | |
The flattened sacs within a chloroplast are called ______. |
| | A) | matrix |
| | B) | cristae |
| | C) | grana |
| | D) | thylakoids |
| | E) | filaments |
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51 | |
The equation for photosynthesis is roughly the opposite of aerobic cellular respiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
Which of the following organelles and functions are NOT correctly related? |
| | A) | endoplasmic reticulum--photosynthesis |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus--secretions |
| | C) | vacuoles--storage |
| | D) | lysosomes--enzymes |
| | E) | mitochondria--cellular respiration |
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53 | |
The ______ helps to maintain the cell's shape, anchors the organelles, and allows the cell and its organelles to move. |
| | A) | cytoskeleton |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | nucleolus |
| | D) | Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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54 | |
Microtubules are cylinders that contain a globular protein called ______. |
| | A) | actin |
| | B) | tubulin |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | rRNA |
| | E) | cellulose |
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55 | |
What is the function of the centrosome? |
| | A) | to control the nucleus |
| | B) | to regulate the assembly of microfilaments |
| | C) | to regulate the assembly of microtubules |
| | D) | to control the Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | to control the movement of cilia |
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56 | |
Which cytoskeletal structure is found in muscle cells that helps to bring about contraction? |
| | A) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | actin filaments |
| | E) | microtubules |
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57 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about centrioles? |
| | A) | Centrioles are found in animal cells but not in plant cells. |
| | B) | Animal cells have two centrioles. |
| | C) | The two centrioles lie parallel to each other. |
| | D) | Centrioles lie within the centrosome. |
| | E) | Before an animal cell divides, the centrioles replicate. |
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58 | |
Centrioles have a ______ microtubular pattern. |
| | A) | 6 + 2 |
| | B) | 6 + 0 |
| | C) | 9 + 2 |
| | D) | 9 + 1 |
| | E) | 9 + 0 |
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59 | |
What are the likely microtubule organizing centers for the formation of cilia and flagella called? |
| | A) | centrioles |
| | B) | microvilli |
| | C) | basal bodies |
| | D) | lysosomes |
| | E) | mitochondria |
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60 | |
Which cytoskeletal structures are short cylinder structures that form a 9 + 0 constriction ring that functions during cell division? |
| | A) | actin filaments |
| | B) | microtubules |
| | C) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | centrioles |
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61 | |
Which of the following structures will have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules? |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | flagella |
| | C) | centriole |
| | D) | basal bodies |
| | E) | chloroplasts |
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62 | |
The structure of flagella is most similar to that of ______. |
| | A) | cilia |
| | B) | basal bodies |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | microvilli |
| | E) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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63 | |
Which organelle is composed of a single, hairlike extension of the cell that allows the cell to move? |
| | A) | centriole |
| | B) | microtubule |
| | C) | cilia |
| | D) | flagella |
| | E) | mitochondria |
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64 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? Both plant and animal cells have ______. |
| | A) | plasma membranes |
| | B) | nuclear membranes |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | chloroplasts |
| | E) | vacuoles |
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65 | |
Which comparison between plant and animal cells is NOT correct? |
| | A) | plants: cell wall; animals: no cell wall |
| | B) | plants: large, single vacuole; animals: many, small vacuoles |
| | C) | plants: chloroplasts; animals: no chloroplasts |
| | D) | plants: centrioles; animals: no centrioles |
| | E) | plants: no basal bodies; animals: have basal bodies |
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66 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? |
| | A) | plasma membrane--phospholipid bilayer and protein |
| | B) | centrioles--microtubules |
| | C) | ribosomes--protein and DNA |
| | D) | chromatin--DNA |
| | E) | chloroplasts--chlorophyll |
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67 | |
Sperm cells move by means of _____. |
| | A) | cilia |
| | B) | flagella |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | microtubules |
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68 | |
_____ are organelles that line our upper respiratory tract. |
| | A) | cilia |
| | B) | flagella |
| | C) | centrioles |
| | D) | mitochondria |
| | E) | microtubules |
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69 | |
Which of the following is NOT correctly paired? |
| | A) | nucleus--control of protein synthesis |
| | B) | nucleolus--protein synthesis |
| | C) | mitochondrion--aerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | chloroplast--photosynthesis |
| | E) | centriole--microtubule organization |
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70 | |
Which of the following is NOT correctly paired? |
| | A) | mitochondrion--cristae |
| | B) | chloroplast--thylakoids |
| | C) | centriole--9 + 0 pattern of microtubules |
| | D) | cilia--9 + 2 pattern of microtubules |
| | E) | lysosome--stack of membranous saccules |
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71 | |
Which of the following is NOT correctly paired? |
| | A) | lysosome--energy-converting organelle |
| | B) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum--membranous canals |
| | C) | chloroplast--energy-converting organelle |
| | D) | actin filaments--cytoskeleton |
| | E) | ribosome--granule-like organelle |
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72 | |
Which of the following organelles is the largest and most easily observed with the light microscope? |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | chloroplast |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | ribosomes |
| | E) | lysosomes |
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73 | |
Which of the following is NOT correctly paired? |
| | A) | rough endoplasmic reticulum--protein synthesis |
| | B) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum--lipid synthesis |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus--processing, packaging, secretion |
| | D) | lysosome--production of ATP |
| | E) | nucleus--cellular reproduction |
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74 | |
Which of the following cells have a nucleoid region? |
| | A) | muscle cell |
| | B) | bacterial cell |
| | C) | fungus cell |
| | D) | leaf cell |
| | E) | liver cell |
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75 | |
Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but NOT in bacteria? |
| | A) | plasma membrane |
| | B) | cell wall |
| | C) | DNA |
| | D) | ribosomes |
| | E) | mitochondria |
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76 | |
Prokaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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77 | |
Organisms in which of the following kingdoms do NOT have a well-defined nucleus? |
| | A) | protists |
| | B) | fungi |
| | C) | plants |
| | D) | animals |
| | E) | monerans |
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78 | |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? |
| | A) | chromosome is composed of a single circular DNA macromolecule |
| | B) | unicellular organisms |
| | C) | DNA enclosed by a nuclear envelope |
| | D) | lack most of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells |
| | E) | more metabolically varied than other types of organisms |
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79 | |
______ are the most abundant and diverse organisms found on earth. |
| | A) | Bacteria |
| | B) | Fungi |
| | C) | Protists |
| | D) | Plants |
| | E) | Animals |
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80 | |
Due to a lack of organelles, prokaryotic cells are less metabolically varied than eukaryotic cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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81 | |
Because prokaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do NOT carry out as many of the functions as seen in eukaryotic cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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82 | |
Both plants and bacteria have cell walls, which are composed of cellulose. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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83 | |
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the endosymbiotic theory? |
| | A) | Mitochondria are similar to bacteria in size and structure. |
| | B) | Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane: the outer membrane may be derived from the engulfing vesicle, and the inner one may be derived from the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote. |
| | C) | Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble those of bacteria. |
| | D) | Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a limited amount of their own DNA and divide by splitting. |
| | E) | The cristae in mitochondria resemble those found in bacteria. |
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84 | |
According to the ______ theory, prokaryotes entered eukaryotic cells and eventually evolved into the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells today. |
| | A) | cell |
| | B) | biogenesis |
| | C) | gene |
| | D) | evolution |
| | E) | endosymbiotic |
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